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Neuropsychological rehabilitation

from Psychology, health and illness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2014

By
Barbara A. Wilson
Edited by
Susan Ayers ,
Andrew Baum ,
Chris McManus ,
Stanton Newman ,
Kenneth Wallston ,
John Weinman  and
Robert West
Barbara A. Wilson
Affiliation:
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit
Susan Ayers
Affiliation:
University of Sussex
Andrew Baum
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Chris McManus
Affiliation:
St Mary's Hospital Medical School
Stanton Newman
Affiliation:
University College and Middlesex School of Medicine
Kenneth Wallston
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University School of Nursing
John Weinman
Affiliation:
United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's
Robert West
Affiliation:
St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London
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Summary

Introduction

Neuropsychological rehabilitation is concerned with the assessment, treatment and recovery of brain-injured people and aims to reduce the impact of disability and handicapping conditions and, indirectly, to improve the quality of life of patients.

For the most part, neuropsychological rehabilitation concentrates on cognitive and emotional deficits following brain injury, although physical, social and behavioural disorders are also addressed. It can therefore be distinguished from cognitive rehabilitation in that it encompasses a wider range of deficits.

Modern rehabilitation of brain-injured people probably began in Germany during World War I as a result of improvements in survival rates of head-injured soldiers (Goldstein, 1942). Goldstein stressed the importance of cognitive and personality deficits following brain injury, and described principles which are almost identical to those used in current neuropsychological rehabilitation. A further impetus to neuropsychological rehabilitation came during World War II, with developments in Germany, the UK, the Soviet Union and the USA (Boake, 1989, Prigatano, 1986). An important paper by Zangwill (1947) discussed principles of re-education and referred to three main approaches – compensation, substitution and direct retraining.

At the same time, Luria and his colleagues were treating head-injured soldiers in the Soviet Union, and describing their activities (Luria, 1979). These early papers by Zangwill and Luria still provide a rich source of ideas for contemporary neuropsychologists interested in rehabilitation.

Recent developments in neuropsychological rehabilitation

There have been a number of changes in the practice of neuropsychological rehabilitation over the past 15 or so years.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine , pp. 367 - 369
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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References

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Boake, C. (1989). A history of cognitive rehabilitation of head-injured patients, 1915 to 1980. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 4, 1–8.Google Scholar
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