Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-01T03:00:07.088Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2022

Salikoko S. Mufwene
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Anna María Escobar
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
Volume 1: Population Movement and Language Change
, pp. 1 - 40
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aboh, Enoch O. 2015. The emergence of hybrid grammars. Language contact and change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Aboh, Enoch O. & DeGraff, Michel. 2017. A null theory of Creole formation based on universal grammar. In The Oxford handbook of universal grammar, ed. by Roberts, Ian, 401–58. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Adam, Lucien. 1883. Les idiomes négro-aryen et maléo-aryen: essai d’hybridologie linguistique. Paris: Maisonneuve. Reprinted by Wentworth Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Aikhenwald, Alexandra & Dixon, R.M.W. (eds.) 2001. Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: Case studies in language change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, Devleeschauwer, Arnaud, Easterly, William, Kurlat, Sergio, & Wacziarg, Romain. 2003. Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth 8.155–94.Google Scholar
Alleyne, Mervyn C. 1980. Comparative Afro-American. Ann Arbor, MI: Koroma.Google Scholar
Appel, René & Muysken, Pieter. 1987. Language and bilingualism. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Auer, Peter. 1999. From codeswitching via language mixing to fused lects: Toward a dynamic typology of bilingual speech. The International Journal of Bilingualism 3.309–32.Google Scholar
Bailey, Charles-James N. 1973. Variation and linguistic theory. Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Bailey, Charles-James N. & Maroldt, Karl. 1977. The French lineage of English. In Langues en contact – Pidgins – Creoles, ed. by Meisel, Jürgen M., 2153. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Baissac, Charles. 1880. Etude sur le patois créole mauricien. Nancy: Berger-Levrault.Google Scholar
Bakker, Peter, Borchsenius, Finn, Levisen, Carsten & Sippola, Eeva (eds.) 2017. Creole studies: Phylogenetic approaches. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Baran, Dominika. 2018. Language in immigrant America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Bertrand-Bocandé, Emmanuel. 1849. Notes sur la Guinée portugaise ou Sénégambie méridionale. Bulletin de la Société de Géographie 12.5793.Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek. 1973. The nature of a creole continuum. Language 49.640–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, Derek. 2008. Bastard tongues. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Bleaman, Isaac L. 2017. Uriel Weinreich: Contact linguist, historical linguist, and Yiddishist par excellence. Journal of Jewish Languages 5.131–43.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan & Rampton, Ben. 2011. Language and superdiversity. New Diversities 13.121.Google Scholar
Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language. New York: Holt.Google Scholar
Bradley, David & Bradley, Maya. 2019. Language endangerment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Joshua (ed.) to appear. The verticalization model of language shift: The great change in American communities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cerrón Palomino, Rodolfo. 1994. Quechumara: estructuras paralelas de las lenguas quechua y aimara. La Paz: Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado.Google Scholar
Chaudenson, Robert. 1992. Des îles, des hommes, des langues: Langues, créoles, cultures créoles. Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Chaudenson, Robert. 2001. Creolization of language and culture, revised in collaboration with Salikoko Mufwene. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cheshire, Jenny & Gardner-Chloros, Penelope. 2018. Introduction: Multicultural youth vernaculars in Paris and urban France. Journal of French Language Studies 28.161–4.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1957. Syntactic structures. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Clyne, Michael. 2003. Dynamics of language contact: English and immigrant languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Marcel. 1956. Pour une sociologie du langage. Paris: Editions Albin Michel.Google Scholar
Croft, William. 2000. Explaining language change: An evolutionary approach. Germany: Longman.Google Scholar
Crystal, David. 2000. Language death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Darwin, Charles. 1871. The descent of man. London: J. Murray.Google Scholar
DeCamp, David. 1971. Toward a generative analysis of a post-creole speech continuum. In Pidginization and creolization of languages, ed. by Hymes, Dell, 349–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
DeGraff, Michel. 2002. Relexification: A reevaluation. Anthropological Linguistics 44.321414.Google Scholar
DeGraff, Michel. 2003. Against Creole Exceptionalism: Discussion note. Language 79.391410.Google Scholar
DeGraff, Michel. 2005. Linguists’ most dangerous myth: The fallacy of Creole Exceptionalism. Language in Society 34.533–91.Google Scholar
Dillard, J.L. 1972. Black English. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Dillard, J. L. 1977. Lexicon of Black English. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Dorian, Nancy. 1981. Language death: The life cycle of a Scottish Gaelic dialect. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorian, Nancy. 2010. Investigating variation: The effects of social organization and social setting. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Drinka, Bridget. 2017. Language contact in Europe: The perfect tense through history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) 2013. The world atlas of language structures online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://wals.info, accessed December 19, 2020.)Google Scholar
Eckert, Penelope. 1989. Jocks and burnouts: Social categories and identity in the high school. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Eerdmans, Susan L., Prevignano, Carlo L. & Thibault, Paul J. (eds.) 2003. Language in interaction: Discussions with John J. Gumperz. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Emeneau, Murray Branson. 1956. India as a linguistic area. Language 32.316.Google Scholar
Epps, Patience & Michael, Lev. 2017. The areal linguistics of Amazonia. In The Cambridge handbook of areal linguistics, ed. by Hickey, Raymond, 934–63. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ervin-Tripp, Susan. 1964. An analysis of the interaction of language, topic, and listener. American Anthropologist 66.6(Part 2).86102.Google Scholar
Escobar, Anna María. 2008. Viewpoint from sociolinguistics and contact linguistics on the role of dialectology in modern linguistics. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 1.197209.Google Scholar
Fagyal, Zsuzsanna. 2010. Accents de Banlieue. Aspects prosodiques du français populaire en contact avec les langues de l’immigration. Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Fagyal, Zsuzsanna, Swarup, Samarth, Escobar, Anna María, Gasser, Les & Lakkaraju, Kiran. 2010. Centers and peripheries: Network roles in language change. Lingua 120.261–79.Google Scholar
Faine, Jules. 1937. Philologie créole: études historiques et étymologiques sur la langue créole d’Haïti. Port-au-Prince: Imprimerie de l’Etat.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Charles A. 1959. Diglossia. Word 15.325–40.Google Scholar
Fill, Alwin & Benz, Hermine (eds.) 2018. Routledge handbook of ecolinguistics. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua. 1965a. Who speaks what language to whom and when? La Linguistique 1.6788.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua. 1965b. Bilingualism, intelligence and language learning. The Modern Language Journal 49.227–37.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua (ed.) 1968a. Readings in the sociology of language. The Hague & Paris: Mouton.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua. 1968b. Sociolinguistics and the language problems of developing countries. In Language problems of developing nations, ed. by Fishman, Joshua, Ferguson, Charles A. & Gupata, Jyotirindra Das, 316. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua. 1968c. Nationality-nationalism and nation-nationism. In Language problems of developing nations, ed. by Fishman, Joshua, Ferguson, Charles A. & Gupata, Jyotirindra Das, 3951. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua. 1969. National languages and languages of wider communication in the developing nations. Anthropological Linguistics 11.111–35.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A. 1971. Preface. In The impact of migration on language maintenance and language shift, special edition of The International Migration Review 5.121–4.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A. 1972. The sociology of language: An interdisciplinary social science approach to language in society. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Fishman, Joshua A. 1991. Reversing language shift. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Garcia, Ofelia & Li, Wei. 2014. Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Garcia, Ofelia & Li, Wei. 2018. Translanguaging. In The encyclopedia of applied linguistics, ed. by Chapelle, Carol A.. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Google Scholar
Ginsburgh, Victor & Weber, Shiomo. 2011. How many languages do we need? The economics of linguistic diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Githiora, Chege. 2018. Sheng: Rise of a Kenyan Swahili vernacular. Woodbridge: James Currey.Google Scholar
Gonzales, Ambrose E. 1922. The black border: Gullah stories of the Carolina coast (with a glossary). Columbia, SC: The State Co.Google Scholar
Gumperz, John J. 1964. Hindi–Punjabi code-switching in Delhi. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, ed. by Lunt, H., 1115–24. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Gumperz, John & Wilson, Robert. 1971. Convergence and creolization: A case from the Indo-Dravidian border. In Pidginization and creolization of languages, ed. by Hymes, Dell, 151–67. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, Robert A. Jr. 1958. Creole languages and genetic relationships. Word 14.367–73.Google Scholar
Hall, Robert A. Jr. 1962. The life-cycle of pidgin languages. Lingua 11.151–6.Google Scholar
Hall, Robert A. Jr. 1966. Pidgin and creole languages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin, Dryer, Matthew S., Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) 2005. The world atlas of language structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) 2009. World loanword database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://wold.clld.org, accessed December 19, 2020.)Google Scholar
Haugen, Einar. 1950. The analysis of linguistic borrowing. Language 26.210–31.Google Scholar
Haugen, Einar. 1953. The Norwegian language in America: A study in bilingual behavior. Philadelphia, PA: Passim.Google Scholar
Haugen, Einar. 1956. Bilingualism in the Americas. University, AL: American Dialect Society.Google Scholar
Haugen, Einar. 1971. The ecology of language. Linguistic Reporter 13.1926.Google Scholar
Haugen, Einar. 1972. The ecology of language: Essays by Einar Hauger. Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hazaël-Massieux, Marie-Christine. 1999. Les créoles: l’indispensable survie. Paris: Editions Entente.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd. 1970. Status and use of African lingua francas. Munich: Weltforum Verlag.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Kuteva, Tania. 2005. Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Nurse, Derek (eds.) 2008. A linguistic geography of Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hjelmslev, Louis. 1938. Etudes sur la notion de parenté linguistique. Revue des Etudes Indo-Européennes 1.271–86.Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell. 1962. The ethnography of speaking. In Anthropology and human behavior, ed. by Gladwin, T. & Sturtevant, W., 1553. Washington, DC: Anthropological Society of Washington.Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell (ed.). 1971. Pidginization and creolization of languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Joseph, Brian & Mufwene, Salikoko. 2008. Parsing the evolution of language. Science 320.446.Google Scholar
Kachru, Braj B. 1985. Standards, codification, and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle. In English in the world. Teaching and learning the language and literatures, ed. by Quirk, Randolph & Widdowson, Henry, 1130. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kachru, Braj B. 2017. World Englishes and culture wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kamwangamalu, Nkonko. 2000. The state of codeswitching research at the dawn of the new millennium (2): Focus on Africa. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 18.5971.Google Scholar
Klein, Wolfgang & Dittmar, Norbert. 1979. Developing grammars. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Kulick, Don. 2019. A death in the rainforest: How a language and a way of life came to an end in Papua New Guinea. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin.Google Scholar
Labov, William. 1972. Language in the inner city: Studies in the Black English vernacular. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Labov, William. 2001. Principles of linguistic change. Vol. 2: Social factors. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lass, Roger. 1997. Historical linguistics and language change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lawrence, B., Osborn, E.L. and Roberts, R.L. (eds.) 2006. Intermediaries, interpreters, and clerks: African employees in the making of colonial Africa. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, Claire. 1998. Creole genesis and the acquisition of grammar: The case of Haitian Creole. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
LePage, R.B. & Tabouret-Keller, Andrée. 1985. Acts of identity: Creole-based approaches to language and ethnicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, Gwyn, Jones, Bryn & Baker, Colin. 2012. Translanguaging: Developing its conceptualisation and contextualisation. Educational Research and Evaluation 18.655–70.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John. 2018. The creole debate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Malkiel, Yakov. 1978. The classification of Romance languages. Romance Philology 31.3.467500.Google Scholar
Meillet, Antoine. 1900. Note sur une difficulté générale de la grammaire comparée. Geneva: Slaktine. Reprinted in Linguistique historique et linguistique générale, 3643. Paris: Champion, 1982.Google Scholar
Meillet, Antoine. 1929. Le développement des langues. In Continu et énéraleue, 119ff. Paris: Bloud & Gay. Reprinted in Meillet (1951: 71–83).Google Scholar
Meillet, Antoine. 1951. Linguistique historique et linguistique énérale. Vol. 2. Paris: Klincksieck.Google Scholar
Meisel, Jürgen M. 1980. Linguistic simplification: A study of immigrant workers’ speech and foreigner talk. In Second language development. Trends and issues, ed. by Felix, Sascha W., 1340. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend. 2017. Class, gender, and substrate erasure in sociolinguistic change: A sociophonetic study of schwa in deracializing South African English. Language 93.314–46.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Rajend et al. 2021. Youth language varieties in African urban centres. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin & Huber, Magnus (eds.) 2013. Atlas of pidgin and creole language structures online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://apics-online.info, accessed December 19, 2020.)Google Scholar
Milroy, Lesley & Muysken, Pieter. 1995. One speaker, two languages: cross-disciplinary perspectives on code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Moseley, Christopher (ed.) 2010. Atlas of the world’s languages in danger, 3rd ed. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. (Available online at www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas, accessed December 19, 2020.)Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. 1994. On decreolization: The case of Gullah. In Language and the social construction of identity in creole situations, ed. by Morgan, Marcyliena, 6399. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for African-American Studies.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2000. Creolization is a social, not a structural, process. In Degrees of restructuring in creole languages, ed. by Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid & Schneider, Edgar, 6584. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2001. The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2002. Competition and selection in language evolution. Selection 3.4556.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2005. Globalization and the myth of killer languages: What’s really going on? In Perspectives on endangerment, ed. by Huggan, Graham & Klasen, Stephan, 1948. Hildesheim & New York: Georg Olms Verlag.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2008. Language evolution: Contact competition, and change. London: Continuum Press.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2009. The indigenization of English in North America. In World Englishes: Problems, properties, prospects. Selected papers from the 13th IAWE Conference, ed. by Hoffmann, Thomas & Siebers, Lucia, 353–68. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2010. Second language acquisition and the emergence of creoles. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32.142.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2015. The emergence of African American English: Monogenetic or polygenetic? Under how much substrate influence? In The Oxford handbook of African American language, ed. by Lanehart, Sonja, 5784. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2016. A cost-and-benefit approach to language loss. In Endangered languages and languages in danger, ed. by Filipovic, Luna & Pütz, Martin, 115–43. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2017a. Language vitality: The weak theoretical underpinnings of what can be an exciting research area. Language. Perspectives 93.e202e223.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2017b. Foreword. In World Englishes and culture wars, by Kachru, Braj, ixxv. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2017c. Worldwide globalization, international migrations, and the varying faces of multilingualism: Some historical perspectives. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies 174.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2018. Language evolution from an ecological perspective. In Routledge handbook of ecolinguistics, ed. by Fill, Alwin & Benz, Hermine, 7388. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2020a. Creoles and pidgins: Why the latter are not the ancestors of the former. In The Routledge handbook of language contact, ed. by Adamou, Evangelia & Matras, Yaron, 300–24. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2020b. Language shift. The international encyclopedia of linguistic anthropology, ed. by Stanlaw, James W.. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Mühlhäusler, Peter. 2003. Language endangerment and language revival. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7.2.232–45.Google Scholar
Muysken, Pieter. 1981. Halfway between Quechua and Spanish: The case for relexification. In Historicity and variation in creole studies, ed. by Highfield, Arnold & Valdman, Albert, 5278. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma.Google Scholar
Muysken, Pieter, Hammarström, Harald, Krasnoukhova, Olga, Müller, Neele, Birchall, Joshua, van de Kerke, Simon, O’Connor, Loretta, Danielsen, Swintha, van Gijn, Rik & Saad, George. 2016. South American indigenous language structures (SAILS) online. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. (Available online at https://sails.clld.org, accessed December 19, 2020.)Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol. 1993. Duelling languages: Grammatical structure in codeswitching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, Carol & Jake, Janice L.. 2016. Revisiting the 4-M model: Codeswitching and morpheme election at the abstract level. International Journal of Bilingualism 21.340–66.Google Scholar
Nettle, Daniel & Romaine, Suzanne. 2000. Vanishing voices. The extinction of the world’s languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Perdue, Clive & Klein, Wolfgang. 1992. Why does the production of some learners not grammaticalize? Studies in Second Language Acquisition 14.259–72.Google Scholar
Perdue, Clive. 1995. L’acquisition du français et de l’anglais par des adultes: former des énoncés. Paris: CNRS Editions.Google Scholar
Pfaff, Carol. 1981. Sociolinguistic problems of immigrants: Foreign workers and their children in Germany (a review article). Language in Society 10.155–88.Google Scholar
Poplack, Shana. 1980. Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish Y TERMINO EN ESPAÑOL: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics 18.581618.Google Scholar
Poplack, Shana. 2017. L’anglicisme chez nous: une perspective sociolinguistique. In Recueil des actes du Colloque du réseau des Organismes francophones de politique et d’aménagement linguistiques (OPALE). Les anglicismes: des emprunts à intérêt variable?, Québec, 18 et 19 octobre 2016, 375403. Montréal: Publications de l’Office québécois de la langue française.Google Scholar
Posner, Rebecca. 1983. The origins and affinities of French creoles: New perspectives. Language and Communication 3.191201.Google Scholar
Posner, Rebecca. 1985. Creolization as typological change: Some examples from Romance syntax. Diachronica 2.167–88.Google Scholar
Posner, Rebecca. 1996. The Romance languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rampton, Ben. 1995. Crossing: Language and ethnicity among adolescents. London & New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Rickford, John. 1987. Dimensions of a creole continuum: History, texts and linguistic analysis of Guyanese Creole. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Samarin, William J. 1989. The black man’s burden: African colonial labor on the Congo and Ubangi Rivers, 1880–1900. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Sandfeld, Kristian. 1930. Linguistique balkanique: Problèmes et résultats. Paris: C. Klincksieck.Google Scholar
Sapir, Edward. 1921. Language: An introduction to the study of speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.Google Scholar
Saussure, Ferdinand de. 1916. Cours de linguistique générale. Lausanne & Geneva: Payot.Google Scholar
Schlieben-Lange, Brigitte. 1977. L’origine des langues romanes: un cas de créolisation? In Pidgins – creoles – languages in contact, 1st ed., ed. by Meisel, Jürgen, 81101. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Schuchardt, Hugo. 1882. Kreolische Studien I: Über das Negerportugiesiesche von S. Thomé. Vienna: Buchhandler der Kais, Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Schuchardt, Hugo. 1914. Die Sprache der Saramakkaneger in Surinam. Amsterdam: Johannes Müller. Translated in Hugo Schuchardt. 1979. The language of the Saramaccans. In The ethnography of variation: Selected writings on pidgins and creoles, trans. & ed. by T.L. Markey, 73–108. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma.Google Scholar
Shappeck, Marco. 2011. Quichua-Spanish language contact in Salcedo, Ecuador: Revisiting Media Lengua syncretic language practices. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 2014. Spanish-English bilingual acquisition from birth: The first six years of life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Michael. 2003. Indexical order and the dialectics of social life. Language and Communication 23(3).193229.Google Scholar
Spolsky, Bernard. 2013. The languages of the Jews: A sociolinguistic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stell, Gerald & Yakpo, Kofi, eds. 2015. Code-switching: Between structural and sociolinguistic perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Stewart, William. 1965. Urban Negro speech: Sociolinguistic factors affecting English teaching. In Social dialects and language learning, ed. by Shuy, Roger, 1018. Champaign, IL: The National Council of Teachers of English.Google Scholar
Stewart, William. 1968a. A sociolinguistic typology for describing national multilingualism. In Language problems of developing nations, ed. by Fishman, Joshua, 529–45. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Stewart, William. 1968b. Continuity and change in American Negro dialects. Florida Foreign Language Reporter 6.3–4.14–16, 18.Google Scholar
Sylvain, Suzanne. 1936. Le creole haitien: morphologie et syntax. Wetteren: de Meester.Google Scholar
Thomason, Sarah G. 2001. Language contact: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Thomason, Sarah G. & Kaufman, Terrence. 1988. Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, Robert W. 1961. A note on some possible affinities between the creole dialects of the Old World and those of the New. In Creole language studies II, ed. by LePage, Robert B., 107–13. London: MacMillan.Google Scholar
Trask, Robert Lawrence. 1996. Historical linguistics. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Tremblay, Xavier. 2005. Grammaire comparée et grammaire historique: quelle réalité est reconstruite par la grammaire comparée? In Aryas, Aryens et Iraniens en Asie Centrale, ed. by Fussman, Gérard, Kellens, Jeans, Francfort, Henri-Paul, & Tremblay, Xavier, 33180. Paris: Edition-Diffusion de Boaccard.Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. 1923. Vavilonskaja bašnja i smešenie jazykov [The tower of Babel and the confusion of languages]. Evrazijskij vremennik 3.107–24.Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. 1939. Gedanken über das Indogermanenproblem. Acta Linguistica 1.81–9.Google Scholar
Trudgill, Peter. 1986. Dialects in contact. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Trudgill, Peter. 2004. New-dialect formation: The inevitability of colonial Englishes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Lorenzo. 1949. Africanisms in the Gullah dialect. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Valkhoff, Marius F. 1960. Contributions to the study of Creole. African Studies 19.7787 & 113–25.Google Scholar
Van den Avenne, Cécile. 2017. De la bouche des indigènes: échanges linguistiques en Afrique coloniale. Paris: Éditions Vendémiaire.Google Scholar
Vertovec, Steven. 2007. Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies 30(6).1024–54.Google Scholar
Vinson, Julien. 1882. Créole. In Dictionnaire des sciences anthropologiques et ethnologiques, ed. by Bertillon, Alphonse et al. Paris: Dion.Google Scholar
Vinson, Julien. 1888. La linguistique. In La grande encyclopédie, vol. 22, 286–96. Paris: Lamirault et cie.Google Scholar
Voegelin, C.F., Voegelin, F.M. & Schutz, Noel W. Jr. 1967. The language situation in Arizona as part of the Southwest culture area. Studies in Southwestern ethnolinguistics: Meaning and history in the languages of the American Southwest, ed. by Hymes, Dell & Bittle, William E., 403–51. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Weinreich, Uriel. 1953. Languages in contact. Findings and problems. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Weinreich, Uriel, Labov, William & Herzog, Marvin. 1968. Empirical foundations for a theory of language change. In Directions for historical linguistics, ed. by Lehmann, Winfred & Malkiel, Yakov, 95195. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Whinnom, Keith. 1965. The origin of the European-based pidgins and creoles. Orbis 14.509–27.Google Scholar
Whitney, William Dwight. 1881. On mixture in language. Transactions of the American Philological Association 12.526.Google Scholar
Williams, Cen. 2002. A language gained: A study of language immersion at 11–16 years of age. Bangor: School of Education, University of Wales.Google Scholar
Yip, Virginia & Matthews, Stephen. 2007. The bilingual child. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Introduction
  • Edited by Salikoko S. Mufwene, University of Chicago, Anna María Escobar, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
  • Online publication: 02 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316796146.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Introduction
  • Edited by Salikoko S. Mufwene, University of Chicago, Anna María Escobar, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
  • Online publication: 02 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316796146.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Introduction
  • Edited by Salikoko S. Mufwene, University of Chicago, Anna María Escobar, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact
  • Online publication: 02 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316796146.002
Available formats
×