Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Introduction
- 1 TNA FO 608/44, pp. 264–266: Harry Lamb to Lord Curzon. Sofia, 7 April 1919
- 2 TNA FO 608/44, pp. 369–370: Letter from General Baird to Military Intelligence, War office, London. 2 September 1919
- 3 TNA FO 371/6197, pp. 105–106: Peel to Curzon. Sofia, 10 February 1921
- 4 TNA FO 371/5811, pp. 96–114: Peel to Curzon. Sofia, 21 June 1921
- 5 TNA FO 371/5811, pp. 133–139: Peel to Curzon. Sofia, 29 June 1921
- 6 TNA FO 371/7377, pp. 179–180: Lindley to Curzon. Athens, 25 March 1922. Enclosure, Colonel Corfe
- 7 TNA FO 371/7377, p. 191: Curzon to Lord Hardinge. Foreign Office, 12 April 1922
- 8 TNA FO 371/7375, pp. 45–47: Graham to Curzon. Rome, 10 May 1922. Enclosure, Major Duncan
- 9 TNA FO 371/8562, pp. 237–238: Erskine to Curzon. Sofia, 6 June 1923
- 10 TNA FO 371/8566, pp. 44–50: Notes on a Tour Made by the Mixed Commission on Greco-Bulgarian Emigration in Western and Central Macedonia. Colonel A. C. Corfe, 20 August 1923
- 11 TNA FO 371/8563, p. 157: Erskine to Curzon, Sofia, 28 November 1923
- 12 TNA FO 371/10667, p. 200: Erskine to Chamberlain, Sofia, 11 March 1925
- 13 TNA FO 371/10668, pp. 96–99: Foreign Office Memorandum, Situation in Bulgaria. 9 April 1925
- 14 TNA FO 371/10793, pp. 100–104: Footman to Kennard, 30 June 1925
- 15 TNA FO 371/10673, p. 5 (1–6): Stevenson to Chamberlain. Sofia, 26 October 1925
- 16 TNA FO 371/10667, pp. 205–208: Kennard to Lampson, 30 October 1925
- 17 TNA FO 371/10667, pp. 210–214: Bateman to Kennard, 7 November 1925
- 18 TNA FO 371/11337, pp. 24–25: Memorandum on Serbian “Minorities” in Greek Macedonia. C. H. Bateman. Foreign Office, 3 March 1926
- 19 TNA FO 371/11405, pp. 91–95: Kennard to Chamberlain. Belgrade, 21 April 1926. Situation in Serbian Macedonia. Enclosure by R. A. Gallop, 19 April
- 20 TNA FO 371/11337, pp. 31–34: Kennard to Howard Smith. Belgrade, 28 April 1926. Enclosure, R. A. Gallop, 23 April
- 21 TNA FO 371/11405, pp. 129–130: Kennard to Chamberlain. Belgrade, 26 May 1926
- 22 TNA FO 371/11217, p. 143: Erskine to Chamberlain. 1 July 1926
- 23 TNA FO 371/12086, pp. 180–181: Erskine to Chamberlain. Sofia, 25 November 1927
- 24 TNA FO 371/12090, p. 161: Chamberlain to the Marques of Crewe (Paris). 11 October 1927
- 25 TNA FO 371/12092, pp. 195–201: Memorandum by Bateman. 28 November 1927
- 26 TNA FO 371/12855, p. 175: Chamberlain to Dodd. 16 January 1928
- 27 TNA FO 371/12855, pp. 241–248: Kennard to Chamberlain. Belgrade, 31 January 1928
- 28 TNA FO 371/12856, pp. 63–64: Kennard to Chamberlain. Belgrade, 6 March 1928: Memorandum Respecting Suggestions for the Removal of Discontent among the Peasant Population of Southern Serbia. D. J. Footman. Skopje, 5 March 1928
- 29 TNA FO 371/12856, p. 110: Sperling to Chamberlain. Sofia, 12 July 1928
- 30 TNA FO 371/12856, pp. 228–230: Memorandum by Bateman. Foreign Office, 18 October 1928
- 31 TNA FO 371/12856, pp. 244–248: Sargent to Sperling. Foreign Office, 22 October 1928
- 32 TNA FO 371/12857, pp. 36–49: Dodd to Chamberlain. Sofia, 5 December 1928
- 33 TNA FO 371/12857, pp. 28–29: Memo by Sargent. Foreign Office, 18 December 1928
- 34 TNA FO 371/13571, pp. 219–221: Notes on the Present Situation between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. C. H. Bateman. Foreign Office, 26 July 1929
- 35 TNA FO 371/13573, pp. 84–94: Foreign Office, Macedonian Question. 6 December 1929
- 36 TNA FO 371/14315, pp. 94–97: J. Balfour. Foreign Office, 13 March 1930
- 37 TNA FO 371/14315, pp. 83–85: Memorandum for the Secretary of State. John Balfour. 24 March 1930
- 38 TNA FO 371/14316, pp. 152–160: Waterlow to Vansittart. Sofia, 21 May 1930
- 39 TNA FO 371/14316, pp. 150–151: Minutes by John Balfour on Waterlow’s Letter from 26 May 1930. Foreign Office, 2 June 1930
- 40 TNA FO 371/14324, p. 131: Memorandum by Orme Sargent. 21 June 1930
- 41 TNA FO 371/14316, p. 214: Conclusions of the Memorandum on Macedonian Question. Central Department of Foreign Office. 1 July 1930
- 42 TNA FO 371/14317, pp. 203–205: N. Henderson to Sargent. Bled, 23 July 1930
- 43 TNA FO 371/15172, pp. 86–87: Waterlow to Sargent. Sofia, 31 December 1930
- 44 TNA FO 371/16683, pp. 29–32: Foreign Office Memorandum on Balkans and Turkey, 1932–1933, 1 January 1934
- 45 TNA FO 371/19486, pp. 193–195: Bentinck to Samuel Hoare, Sofia, 26 September 1935
- 46 TNA FO 434/3, PaRtY//, pp. 417–419: R. Campbell to Eden. Belgrade, 25 May 1936
- 47 TNA FO 371/22329, pp. 2–4: Edward Coote to Halifax. Sofia, 23 September 1938
- 48 TNA FO 371/23718, pp. 279–287: Memorandum on Bulgaria by Orme Sargent. FO, 15 April 1939
- 49 TNA FO 371/24880, pp. 110–114: Rendel to Halifax. Sofia, 5 January 1940
- 50 TNA FO 371/24880, p. 183: Cypher Telegram from Rendel (Sofia). 15 August 1940
- 51 TNA FO 371/24880, pp. 184–186: Rendel to Nichols, Sofia, 25 August 1940
- 52 TNA FO 371/24880, p. 219: Cypher Telegram from Campbell (Belgrade). 3 September 1940
- 53 TNA FO 371/24880, pp. 241–252: Commander Errington to Dixon. 7 September 1940
- 54 TNA FO 371/29785, pp. 1–8: R. Cambell to Halifax. Belgrade, 6 November 1940. Enclosure Report on the General Situation in Southern Serbia by Mr. Thomas, British Vice-Consul at Skopje
- 55 TNA FO 371/29728, pp. 100–105: Amnesty for Macedonian Revolutionary leader Ivan Mihailoff; James Bowker to Phillip Broad, 30 May 1941
- Bibliography
- Index
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Introduction
- 1 TNA FO 608/44, pp. 264–266: Harry Lamb to Lord Curzon. Sofia, 7 April 1919
- 2 TNA FO 608/44, pp. 369–370: Letter from General Baird to Military Intelligence, War office, London. 2 September 1919
- 3 TNA FO 371/6197, pp. 105–106: Peel to Curzon. Sofia, 10 February 1921
- 4 TNA FO 371/5811, pp. 96–114: Peel to Curzon. Sofia, 21 June 1921
- 5 TNA FO 371/5811, pp. 133–139: Peel to Curzon. Sofia, 29 June 1921
- 6 TNA FO 371/7377, pp. 179–180: Lindley to Curzon. Athens, 25 March 1922. Enclosure, Colonel Corfe
- 7 TNA FO 371/7377, p. 191: Curzon to Lord Hardinge. Foreign Office, 12 April 1922
- 8 TNA FO 371/7375, pp. 45–47: Graham to Curzon. Rome, 10 May 1922. Enclosure, Major Duncan
- 9 TNA FO 371/8562, pp. 237–238: Erskine to Curzon. Sofia, 6 June 1923
- 10 TNA FO 371/8566, pp. 44–50: Notes on a Tour Made by the Mixed Commission on Greco-Bulgarian Emigration in Western and Central Macedonia. Colonel A. C. Corfe, 20 August 1923
- 11 TNA FO 371/8563, p. 157: Erskine to Curzon, Sofia, 28 November 1923
- 12 TNA FO 371/10667, p. 200: Erskine to Chamberlain, Sofia, 11 March 1925
- 13 TNA FO 371/10668, pp. 96–99: Foreign Office Memorandum, Situation in Bulgaria. 9 April 1925
- 14 TNA FO 371/10793, pp. 100–104: Footman to Kennard, 30 June 1925
- 15 TNA FO 371/10673, p. 5 (1–6): Stevenson to Chamberlain. Sofia, 26 October 1925
- 16 TNA FO 371/10667, pp. 205–208: Kennard to Lampson, 30 October 1925
- 17 TNA FO 371/10667, pp. 210–214: Bateman to Kennard, 7 November 1925
- 18 TNA FO 371/11337, pp. 24–25: Memorandum on Serbian “Minorities” in Greek Macedonia. C. H. Bateman. Foreign Office, 3 March 1926
- 19 TNA FO 371/11405, pp. 91–95: Kennard to Chamberlain. Belgrade, 21 April 1926. Situation in Serbian Macedonia. Enclosure by R. A. Gallop, 19 April
- 20 TNA FO 371/11337, pp. 31–34: Kennard to Howard Smith. Belgrade, 28 April 1926. Enclosure, R. A. Gallop, 23 April
- 21 TNA FO 371/11405, pp. 129–130: Kennard to Chamberlain. Belgrade, 26 May 1926
- 22 TNA FO 371/11217, p. 143: Erskine to Chamberlain. 1 July 1926
- 23 TNA FO 371/12086, pp. 180–181: Erskine to Chamberlain. Sofia, 25 November 1927
- 24 TNA FO 371/12090, p. 161: Chamberlain to the Marques of Crewe (Paris). 11 October 1927
- 25 TNA FO 371/12092, pp. 195–201: Memorandum by Bateman. 28 November 1927
- 26 TNA FO 371/12855, p. 175: Chamberlain to Dodd. 16 January 1928
- 27 TNA FO 371/12855, pp. 241–248: Kennard to Chamberlain. Belgrade, 31 January 1928
- 28 TNA FO 371/12856, pp. 63–64: Kennard to Chamberlain. Belgrade, 6 March 1928: Memorandum Respecting Suggestions for the Removal of Discontent among the Peasant Population of Southern Serbia. D. J. Footman. Skopje, 5 March 1928
- 29 TNA FO 371/12856, p. 110: Sperling to Chamberlain. Sofia, 12 July 1928
- 30 TNA FO 371/12856, pp. 228–230: Memorandum by Bateman. Foreign Office, 18 October 1928
- 31 TNA FO 371/12856, pp. 244–248: Sargent to Sperling. Foreign Office, 22 October 1928
- 32 TNA FO 371/12857, pp. 36–49: Dodd to Chamberlain. Sofia, 5 December 1928
- 33 TNA FO 371/12857, pp. 28–29: Memo by Sargent. Foreign Office, 18 December 1928
- 34 TNA FO 371/13571, pp. 219–221: Notes on the Present Situation between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. C. H. Bateman. Foreign Office, 26 July 1929
- 35 TNA FO 371/13573, pp. 84–94: Foreign Office, Macedonian Question. 6 December 1929
- 36 TNA FO 371/14315, pp. 94–97: J. Balfour. Foreign Office, 13 March 1930
- 37 TNA FO 371/14315, pp. 83–85: Memorandum for the Secretary of State. John Balfour. 24 March 1930
- 38 TNA FO 371/14316, pp. 152–160: Waterlow to Vansittart. Sofia, 21 May 1930
- 39 TNA FO 371/14316, pp. 150–151: Minutes by John Balfour on Waterlow’s Letter from 26 May 1930. Foreign Office, 2 June 1930
- 40 TNA FO 371/14324, p. 131: Memorandum by Orme Sargent. 21 June 1930
- 41 TNA FO 371/14316, p. 214: Conclusions of the Memorandum on Macedonian Question. Central Department of Foreign Office. 1 July 1930
- 42 TNA FO 371/14317, pp. 203–205: N. Henderson to Sargent. Bled, 23 July 1930
- 43 TNA FO 371/15172, pp. 86–87: Waterlow to Sargent. Sofia, 31 December 1930
- 44 TNA FO 371/16683, pp. 29–32: Foreign Office Memorandum on Balkans and Turkey, 1932–1933, 1 January 1934
- 45 TNA FO 371/19486, pp. 193–195: Bentinck to Samuel Hoare, Sofia, 26 September 1935
- 46 TNA FO 434/3, PaRtY//, pp. 417–419: R. Campbell to Eden. Belgrade, 25 May 1936
- 47 TNA FO 371/22329, pp. 2–4: Edward Coote to Halifax. Sofia, 23 September 1938
- 48 TNA FO 371/23718, pp. 279–287: Memorandum on Bulgaria by Orme Sargent. FO, 15 April 1939
- 49 TNA FO 371/24880, pp. 110–114: Rendel to Halifax. Sofia, 5 January 1940
- 50 TNA FO 371/24880, p. 183: Cypher Telegram from Rendel (Sofia). 15 August 1940
- 51 TNA FO 371/24880, pp. 184–186: Rendel to Nichols, Sofia, 25 August 1940
- 52 TNA FO 371/24880, p. 219: Cypher Telegram from Campbell (Belgrade). 3 September 1940
- 53 TNA FO 371/24880, pp. 241–252: Commander Errington to Dixon. 7 September 1940
- 54 TNA FO 371/29785, pp. 1–8: R. Cambell to Halifax. Belgrade, 6 November 1940. Enclosure Report on the General Situation in Southern Serbia by Mr. Thomas, British Vice-Consul at Skopje
- 55 TNA FO 371/29728, pp. 100–105: Amnesty for Macedonian Revolutionary leader Ivan Mihailoff; James Bowker to Phillip Broad, 30 May 1941
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
If you know a little about the Macedonian Question,
you will take a side;
If you understand it deeper, you will realize how complex it is;
And if you understand it fully–
you will abandon any discussion about it.
My grandfather, a refugee from Aegean Macedonia.For 140 years, the Macedonian Question has been on the political map as a key issue for the countries of Southeast Europe. The United Kingdom became one of the main international factors that brought about the creation of the Macedonian Question. Immediately after the Congress of Vienna, during the existing ‘Metternich’ system and especially after 1856, the United Kingdom was successfully coordinating and directing the foreign policy strategy of civilized Europe towards the Ottoman Empire. The Macedonian Question proved to be an excellent tool, especially in the rearrangement of political schemes after the two world wars. The United Kingdom's foreign policy played a significant role in the region and the political history of Europe.
The British interest was primarily related to the three parts of Macedonia located in the three neighbouring Christian countries: Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia (the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929) – countries with different status and geopolitical strength. The exacerbation of the Macedonian Question was marked by the establishment of the threefold dismemberment of the Ottoman province in 1913. Its name, Macedonia, was not well accepted in the empire. Macedonian nationalism appeared more than a century later than the Serbian, the Greek and the Bulgarian due to the lack of ethnic preconditions for its earlier emergence. The United Kingdom's attention on the Balkans was mainly focused on the events happening in Bulgaria. Since the country had revisionist attitudes, it became problematic for the status quo. The British correspondence with Bulgaria prevails because the Macedonian Question was considered unsolved in the defeated country, while the other two – Greece and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were satisfied with their territorial achievements and were in favour of subsiding the problem and keeping the status quo.
This book explores the intersection of the United Kingdom's diplomatic efforts and the development of the neuralgic Macedonian Question.
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- British Foreign Office Documents on the Macedonian Question, 1919-1941 , pp. ix - xxxviiiPublisher: Anthem PressPrint publication year: 2021