Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T02:21:33.991Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - The Middle Kingdom: Town Planning and Internal Colonization at Its Height

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2016

Nadine Moeller
Nadine Moeller
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt
From the Predynastic Period to the End of the Middle Kingdom
 , pp. 249 - 333
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abd El-Maksoud, M. 1998. Tell Heboua (1981–1991). Enquête archéologique sur la Deuxième Période Intermédiaire et le Nouvel Empire à l’extrémité orientale du Delta. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations.Google Scholar
Alliot, M. 1935. Rapport sur les Fouilles de Tell Edfou (1933), Vol. 10 (2), FIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Arnold, D. 1991. “Amenemhat I and the Early Twelfth Dynasty at Thebes.” Metropolitan Museum Journal 26:5–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, D., and Arnold, D.. 1979. Der Tempel Qasr el-Sagha. Vol. 27, AV. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Arnold, D., et al. 1988. The Pyramid of Senwosret I. Vol. 1, The South Cemeteries of Lisht. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Arnold, D., et al. 2003. The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Arnold, F. 1996. “Settlement Remains at Lisht-North.” In Haus und Palast im alten Ägypten, edited by Bietak, M., 13–21. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Arnold, F. 2005. “Baukonstruktion in der Stadt Kahun. Zu den Aufzeichnungen Ludwig Borchardts.” In Structure and Significance, edited by Janosi, P., 77–104. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Arnold, F., et al. 1990. The Control Notes and Team Marks. Vol. 2, The South Cemeteries of Lisht, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Azim, M. 1980. “La fouille de la cour du Xe pylône: Rapport préliminaire.” Cahiers de Karnak 6:153–165.Google Scholar
Bagh, T. 1998. “‘Ezbet Rushdi and the 12th Dyn. Levantine Connection.” Ägypten und Levante 8:47–49.Google Scholar
Ben-Tor, D. 2007. Scarabs, Chronology, and Interconnections: Egypt and Palestine in the Second Intermediate Period. Vol. 27, OBO. Fribourg: Academic Press Fribourg.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. 1996. Avaris, the Capital of the Hyksos: Recent Excavations at Tell el-Dabʻa. London: Published by British Museum Press.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. 2005. “The Tuthmoside Stronghold of Perunefer.” EA 26:13–17.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. 2009a. “Perunefer: An Update.” EA 35:16–17.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. 2009b. “Perunefer: The Principal New Kingdom Naval Base.” EA 34:15–17.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. 2010. “Houses, Palaces and Development of Social Stucture in Avaris.” In Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt, edited by Bietak, M., Czerny, E., and Forstner-Müller, I., 11–68. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bietak, M. 2012. Tell el-Dab’a VIII. The Tell el-Yahudiya Ware and Its Classification, Untersuchungen zur Zweigstelle Kairo des Österreichischen Instituts. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Bietak, M., et al. 1998. “Der Tempel und die Siedlung des Mittleren Reiches bei ‘Ezbet Ruschdi. Grabungsvorbericht 1996.” Ägypten und Levante 8:9–49.Google Scholar
Bietak, M., and Lange, E.. 2014. “Tell Basta: The Palace of the Middle Kingdom.” EA 44: 4–7.Google Scholar
Bloxam, E., and Storemyr, P.. 2002. “Old Kingdom Basalt Quarrying Activities at Widan el-Faras, Northern Faiyum Desert.” JEA 88:23–36.Google Scholar
Borchardt, L. 1899. “Der zweite Payrusfund von Kahun und die zeitliche Festlegung des mittleren Reiches des ägyptischen Geschichte.” ZÄS 37:89–103.Google Scholar
Bourriau, J. 1991a. “The Memphis Pottery Project.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1 (2):263–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourriau, J. 1991b. “Patterns of Change in Burial Customs during the Middle Kingdom.” In Middle Kingdom Studies, edited by Quirke, S., 3–20. New Malden, UK: SIA Publishing.Google Scholar
Bourriau, J. 2003. “The Second Intermediate Period.” In The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Shaw, I., 172–206. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, B. M. 1987. “Population Estimation from Floor Area: A Restudy of ‘Naroll’s Constant.’” Cross-Cultural Research 21 (1):1–49.Google Scholar
Bruyère, B., et al. 1937. Tell Edfou 1937. Vol. I, Fouilles Franco-Polonaises Rapports. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Christophe, L. A. 1951. Karnak-Nord III (1945–1949). Vol. 23, FIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Collier, M., and Quirke, S.. 2002. The UCL Lahun Papyri: Letters. Vol. 1083, BAR International Series. Oxford: Archaeopress.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czerny, E. 1998. “Zur Keramik von ‘Ezbet-Rushdi (Stand Mai 1997).” Ägypten und Levante 8:41–46.Google Scholar
Czerny, E. 1999. Tell el-Dab’a IX. Eine Plansiedlung des frühen Mittleren Reiches. Edited by Bietak, M.. Vol. XV, Untersuchungen der Zweigstelle Kairo des österreichischen archäologischen Institutes. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Czerny, E. 2010. “Fragments of Information. Observations concerning the Architectural Layout of the Middle Kingdom Settlement at ‘Ezbet Rushdi.’” In Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt, edited by Bietak, M., Czerny, E., and Forstner-Müller, I., 69–80. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Darnell, J. C. 2004. “The Route of the Eleventh Dynasty Expansion into Nubia.” ZÄS 131:23–37.Google Scholar
Davies, N. d. G. 1929. “The Town House in Ancient Egypt.” Metropolitan Museum Studies 1 (2):233–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, N. d. G. 1943. The Tomb of Rekh-mi-Rē at Thebes. Vol. XI, Publications of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition. New York: Plantin Press.Google Scholar
Davies, V. 2003a. “Kush in Egypt: A New Historical Inscription.” Sudan and Nubia 7:52–54.Google Scholar
Davies, V. 2011a. “British Museum Expedition 2009, Hagr Edfu: Introduction and the Pharaonic Tombs.” ASAE 85:58–60.Google Scholar
Davies, V. 2011b. “British Museum Expedition Report on the 2008 Season: Hagr Edfu Tombs Nos. 1–3.” ASAE 85:36–38.Google Scholar
Davies, W. V. 2003b. “Kouch en Égypte: Une nouvelle inscription historique a El-Kab.” BSFE 157:38–44.Google Scholar
Davies, W. V. 2003c. “Sobeknakht of Elkab and the coming of Kush.” EA 23:3–6.Google Scholar
Davies, W. V. 2006. “British Museum Epigraphic Expedition Report on the 2005 Season.” ASAE 80:133–151.Google Scholar
Davies, W. V. 2008. “British Museum Epigraphic Expedition Report on the 2006 Season.” ASAE 82:39–48.Google Scholar
Debono, F. 1982. “Rapport préliminaire sur les résultats de l’étude des objets de la fouille des installations du Moyen Empire et ‘Hyksos’ à l’est du lac sacré de Karnak.” Cahiers de Karnak 7:377–383.Google Scholar
Delange, E. 1987. Catalogue des statues égyptiennes du Moyen Empire, 2060–1560 avant J.-C. Paris: Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Editions de la Réuniom des musées nationaux.Google Scholar
Dunham, D. 1960. Second Cataract Forts. Excavated by George Andrew Reisner. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts.Google Scholar
Eid, Y., and von Falck, M.. 2006. “The History of the Horus Temple in Edfu: Remarks on Re-used Block Fragments Discovered in the Temple Court.” Bulletin of the Egyptian Museum 3:65–70.Google Scholar
Eigner, D. 1996. “A Palace of the Early 13th Dynasty at Tell el-Dab’a.” In Haus und Palast im alten Ägypten, edited by Bietak, M., 73–80. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
El-Sawi, A. 1979. Excavations at Tell Basta: Report of Seasons 1967–1971 and Catalogue of Finds. Prague: Charles University.Google Scholar
Emery, W. B., Smith, Harry S., and Millard, Alan. 1979. The Fortress of Buhen. The Archaeological Report. Excavations at Buhen I. Vol. 49, Excavation Memoirs. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Fazzini, R., and Peck, W.. 1982. “The 1982 Season at Mut.” NARCE 120:37–49.Google Scholar
Fitton, L., et al. 1998. “Northerns at Lahun. Neutron Activation Analysis of Minoan and Related Pottery in the British Museum.” In Lahun Studies, edited by Quirke, S., 112–140. Reigate, UK: SIA Publishing.Google Scholar
Forstner-Müller, I. 2010. “Settlement Patterns at Avaris: A Study on Two Cases.” In Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt, edited by Bietak, M., Czerny, E., and Forstner-Müller, I., 103–121. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Forstner-Müller, I. 2014. “Avaris, Its Harbours and the Perunefer Problem.” EA 45:32–35.Google Scholar
Forstner-Müller, I., et al. 2004. “Preliminary Report on the Geophysical Survey at Ezbet Rushdi/Tell el-Dab’a in Spring 2004.” Ägypten und Levante 14:101–109.Google Scholar
Franke, D. 1991. “The Career of Khnumhotep III. of Beni Hasan and the So-Called ‘Decline of the Nomarchs.’” In Middle Kingdom Studies, edited by Quirke, S., 51–67. London: SIA Publishing.Google Scholar
Franke, D. 1994. Das Heiligtum des Heqaib auf Elephantine. Vol. 9, SAGA. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag.Google Scholar
Frey, R. A., and Knudstad, J. E.. 2008. “The Re-examination of Selected Architectural Remains at El-Lahun.” JSSEA 35:27–81.Google Scholar
Gabra, G., and Farid, A.. 1981. “Neue Materialien zu königlichen Baudenkmälern in Edfu.” MDAIK 37:181–186.Google Scholar
Gallorini, C. 1998. “A Reconstruction of Petrie’s Excavation at the Middle Kingdom Settlement of Kahun.” In Lahun Studies, edited by Quirke, S., 42–59. Reigate, UK: SIA Publishing.Google Scholar
Gallorini, C. 2011. “A Cypriote Sherd from Kahun in Context.” In Under the Potter’s Tree. Studies on Ancient Egypt Presented to Janine Bourriau on the Occasion of Her 70th Birthday. Vol. 204, OLA, edited by Aston, D. A., Bader, B., Gallorini, C., Nicholson, P. T., and Buckingham, S., 397–415. Leuven/Paris/Walpole, MA: Peeters.Google Scholar
Gardiner, A. H. 1916. “An Ancient List of Fortresses of Nubia.” JEA 3:184–192.Google Scholar
Gardiner, A. H. 1947. Ancient Egyptian Onomastica. 3 vols. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Germer, R. 1998. “The Plant Material Found by Petrie at Lahun and Some Remarks on the Problems of Identifying Egyptian Plant Names.” In Lahun Studies, edited by Quirke, S., 84–91. Reigate, UK: SIA Publishing.Google Scholar
Giddy, L. 2013. The Survey of Memphis VI: Kom Rabi’a: The Late Middle Kingdom Settlement (Levels VI–VIII). Vol. 94, Excavation Memoir. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Ginter, B., et al. 1980. “Excavations in the Region of Qasr el-Sagha, 1979. Contributions to the Holocene Geology, the Predynastic and Dynastic Settlement in the Northern Fayum Desert.” MDAIK 36:105–169.Google Scholar
Grajetzki, W. 2006. The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History, Archaeology and Society. Duckworth Egyptology. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Grallert, S. 2001. Bauen, Stiften, Weihen: ägyptische Bau- und Restaurierungsschriften von den Anfängen bis zur 30. Dynastie. 2 vols. Vol. 18, ADAIK. Berlin: Achet Verlag.Google Scholar
Harrell, J. A., and Bown, T. M.. 1995. “An Old Kingdom Basalt Quarry at Widan el-Faras and the Quarry Road to Lake Moeris.” JARCE 32:71–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartung, U., et al. 2007. “Tell el-Fara’in – Buto. 9 Vorbericht.” MDAIK 63:69–165Google Scholar
Hein, I., et al. 1994. Pharaonen und Fremde. Dynastien im Dunkel. Wien: Eigenverlag der Museen der Stadt Wien.Google Scholar
Hendrickx, S., et al. 2010. “The Walls of Elkab.” In Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt. Papers from a Workshop in November 2006 at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, edited by Bietak, M., Czerny, E., and Forstner-Müller, I., 145–169. Vienna: Östrerreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Herbich, T. 2003. “Archaeological Geophysics in Egypt: The Polish Contribution.” Archaeologia Polona 41:13–55.Google Scholar
Herbich, T., and Wegner, J. W.. 2003. “Magnetic Survey at South Abydos: Revising Archaeological Plans.” Archaeologia Polona 41:200–2004.Google Scholar
Horváth, Z. 2009a. “El-Lahun Survey Project: The Archaeological Mission of the Museum of Fine Arts.” Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts 110–111:186–190.Google Scholar
Horváth, Z. 2009b. “Temple(s) and Town at El-Lahun. A Study of Ancient Toponyms in the el-Lahun Papyri.” In Archaism and Innovation. Studies in the Culture of Middle Kingdom Egypt, edited by Silverman, D. P., Simpson, W. K., and Wegner, J. W., 171–203. New Haven and Philadelphia: Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Yale University; University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.Google Scholar
Horváth, Z. 2011–2012. “Le temple de Sésostris II de El-Lahun revisité.” Pharaon Magazine 7: 45–50.Google Scholar
Jacquet, J. 1994. Karnak-Nord VII: Le trésor de Thoutmosis Ier: Installations antérieures ou postérieures au monument. Vol. 36, FIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Jacquet-Gordon, H. 2007. “A Habitation Site at Karnak North Prior to the New Kingdom.” In The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. III: Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000 – 2nd EuroConference Vienna, 28th of May–1st of June 2003, edited by Bietak, M., Czerny, E., Kaplan, I., and Schwab, A., 317–324. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Jacquet-Gordon, H. 2012. Karnak-Nord X. Le trésor de Thouthmosis Ier. La céramique: 1. Texte. Vol. 65, FIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Kaiser, W., et al. 1997. “Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine, 23./24. Grabungsbericht.” MDAIK 53: 117–207.Google Scholar
Kaiser, W., et al. 1988. “Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine. 15./16. Grabungsbericht.” MDAIK 44:135–182.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 1972. “Temple and Town in Ancient Egypt.” In Man, Settlement and Urbanism, edited by Peter, R. T., Ucko, J., and Dimbleby, G. W., 657–680. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 1986. “Large Middle Kingdom Granary Buildings (and the Archaeology of Administration).” ZÄS 113:120–136.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 1987. “The Amarna Workmen’s Village in Retrospect.” JEA 73:21–50.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 2006. Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd ed. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. J., et al. 1980. Minoan Pottery in Second Millennium Egypt. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Kopp, P., et al. 2010. Report on the 39th Season of Excavation and Restoration on the Island of Elephantine.Google Scholar
Lauffray, J. 1980. “Les travaux du Centre Franco-Égyptien d’étude des temples de Karnak de 1972 à 1977.” Cahiers de Karnak 6 :1–65.Google Scholar
Lauffray, J. 1995. “Le rempart de Thoutmosis III à l’est du lac sacré.” Cahiers de Karnak 10:257–285.Google Scholar
Leclère, F. 2002. “Fouilles dans le cimetère osirien de Karnak. Travaux récents.” BSFE 153: 24–44.Google Scholar
Luft, U. 1992a. Das Archiv von Illahun. Vol. 1, Hieratische Papyri aus den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin–Preussischer Kulturbesitz. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.Google Scholar
Luft, U. 1992b. Die chronologische Fixierung des ägyptischen Mittleren Reiches nach dem Tempelarchiv von Illahun, Sitzungsberichte/Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Luft, U. 1998. “The Ancient Town of el-Lahun.” In Lahun Studies, edited by Quirke, S., 1–41. Reigate, UK: SIA Publishing.Google Scholar
Luft, U. 2006. Urkunden zur Chronologie der späten 12. Dynastie: Briefe aus Illahun, Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luft, U. H. 2011. “Sḫm-S-n-wsr.t mȝˁ-ḫrw versus Ḥtp-S-n-wsr.t mȝˁ-ḫrw: Remarks on Arguments Pro and Contra the Denomination of the Pyramid Town at El-Lâhûn.” In Florilegium Aegyptiacum: Eine wissenschaftliche Blütenlese von Schülern und Freunden für Helmut Satzinger zum 75. Geburtstag am 21. Jänner 2013, edited by Budka, J., Gundacker, R., and Pieke, G., 235–247. Göttingen: Seminars für Ägyptologie und Koptologie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.Google Scholar
Marchand, S. 2004. “Fouilles récentes dans la zone urbaine de Dendara: La céramique de la fin de l’Ancien Empire au début de la XIIe Dynastie.” CCE 7:211–238.Google Scholar
Marée, M. 2009. “Edfu under the Twelfth to Seventeenth Dynasties: The Monuments in the National Museum of Warsaw.” BMSAES 12:31–92.Google Scholar
McDowell, A. G. 1990. Jurisdiction in the Workmen’s Community of Deir el-Medina, Egyptologische uitgaven. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut Voor Het Nabije Oosten.Google Scholar
Michalowski, K., Desroches, C., de Linage, J., Manteuffel, J., and Zejmo-Zejmis, Stanislaw. 1950. Tell Edfou 1939. Vol. III, Fouilles Franco-Polonaises Rapports. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Millet, M. 2007. “Architecture civile antérieure au Nouvel Empire: rapport préliminaire des fouilles archéologiques à l’est du lac sacré.” Cahiers de Karnak 12 (2):681–743.Google Scholar
Millet, M. 2008. “Installations antérieures au Nouvel Empire au sud-est du lac Sacré du temple d’Amon de Karnak.” PhD diss., Paris IV – La Sorbonne, Paris.Google Scholar
Millet, M., and Masson, A.. 2011. “Karnak Settlements.” In UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, edited by Wendrich, W.. Los Angeles: UCLA.Google Scholar
Moeller, N. 2005. “Les nouvelles fouilles de Tell Edfou.” BSFE 164:29–46.Google Scholar
Moeller, N. 2010. “Tell Edfu: Preliminary Report on Seasons 2005–2009.” JARCE 46:81–111.Google Scholar
Moeller, N. 2012. “Unsealing Tell Edfu, Egypt: Who Was a Local Official and Who Was Not.” Near Eastern Archaeology 75 (2):116–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moeller, N., Marouard, G., and Ayers, N.. 2012. “Discussion of Late Middle Kingdom and Early Second Intermediate Period History and Chronology in Relation to the Khayan Sealings Discovered at Tell Edfu.” Ägypten und Levante 21:87–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, E. F. 2005. The Architecture of Imperialism: Military Bases and the Evolution of Foreign Policy in Egypt’s New Kingdom. Vol. 22, Probleme der Ägyptologie. Leiden; Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Müller, K. 2006. Settlements of the Ptolemies: City Foundations and New Settlement in the Hellenistic World. Vol. 43, Studia Hellenistica. Leuven/Dudley, MA: Peeters.Google Scholar
Müller, M. 2012. “Das Stadtviertel F/I in Tell el-Dabᶜa/Auaris. Multikulturelles Leben in einer Stadt des späten Mittleren Reichs und der Zweiten Zwischenzeit.” PhD diss., Universität Wien, Wien.Google Scholar
Müller, M. 2014. “Late Middle Kingdom Society in a Neighborhood of Tell el--Dab’a/Avaris (Egypt).” In Household Studies in Complex Societies: (Micro)Archaeological and Textual Approaches. Vol. 10, OIS, edited by Müller, M., 339–370. Chicago: Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Naroll, R. 1962. “Floor Area and Settlement Population.” American Antiquity 27 (4):587–589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Connor, D. 2009. Abydos: Egypt’s First Pharaohs and the Cult of Osiris, New Aspects of Antiquity. London; New York: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Obsomer, C. 1995. Sésostris Ier: étude chronologique et historique du règne. Vol. 5, Étude. Bruxelles: Connaissance de l’Egypte ancienne.Google Scholar
Pawlikowski, M., et al. 1983. Qasr el-Sagha 1980. Edited by Kozlowski, J. K., Prace Archeologiczne. Warsaw; Krakow: Nakladem Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskieg.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F., et al. 1923. Lahun II. Vol. 33, BSAE. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Bernard Quaritch.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F., et al. 1890. Kahun, Gurob, and Hawara. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. S., and Sayce, A. H.. 1891. Illahun, Kahun and Gurob. London: David Nutt.Google Scholar
Picardo, N. S. 2014. “Hybrid Households: Institutional Affiliations and Household Identity in the Town of Wah-Sut (South Abydos, Egypt).” In Household Studies in Complex Societies. (Micro)Archaeological and Textual Approaches. Vol. 10, OIS, edited by Müller, M., 243–287. Chicago: Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Quirke, S. 1988. “State and Labour in the Middle Kingdom. A Reconsideration of the Term hnrt.” RdE 39:83–106.Google Scholar
Quirke, S. 1997. “Gods in the Temple of the King: Anubis in Lahun.” In The Temple in Ancient Egypt. New Discoveries and Recent Research, edited by Quirke, S., 24–48. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar
Quirke, S. 2005. Lahun. A Town in Egypt 1800 BC, and the History of Its Landscape, Egyptian Sites. London: Golden House Publications.Google Scholar
Redding, R. 1992. “Egyptian Old Kingdom Patterns of Animal Use and the Value of Faunal Data in Modeling Socioeconomic Systems.” Paléorient 18 (2):99–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redford, D., et al. 1991. “East Karnak Excavations, 1987–1989.” JARCE 28:75–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redford, D. B. 1984. Akhenaten, the Heretic King. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Redford, D. B. 1988. “Three Seasons in Egypt II: Interim Report on the 20th Campaign (17th Season) of the Excavations at East Karnak.” JSSEA 18:24–48.Google Scholar
Redford, D. B. 1996. “Mendes and Environs in the Middle Kingdom.” In Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson, edited by Der Manuelian, P., 679–682. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts.Google Scholar
Rothschild, N. A., et al. 1993. “Abandonment at Zuni Farming Villages.” In Abandonment of Settlements and Regions. Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Approaches, edited by Cameron, C. M. and Tomka, S. A., 123–153. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiestl, R. 2002. “Some Links between a Late Middle Kingdom Cemetery at Tell el-Dab’a and Syria-Palestine: The Necropolis of F/I, Strata d/2 and d/1 (=H and G/4).” In The Middle Bronze Age in the Levant: Proceedings of an International Conference on MB IIA Ceramic Material, Vienna, 24th–26th of January 2001, edited by Bietak, M. and Czerny, E., 329–352. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaft.Google Scholar
Schiestl, R. 2006. “The Statue of an Asiatic Man from Tell el-Dab’a, Egypt.” Ägypten und Levante 16:173–185.Google Scholar
Schiestl, R. 2008. “Tomb Types and Layout of a Middle Bronze IIA Cemetery at Tell el-Dab’a, Area F/I: Egyptian and Non-Egyptian Features.” In The Bronze Age in the Lebanon: Studies on the Archaeology and Chronology of Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt, edited by Bietak, M. and Czerny, E., 243–256. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Schiestl, R. 2009. Tell el-Dab’a XVIII: Die Palastnekropole von Tell el-Dab’a: Die Gräber des Areals F/I der Straten d/2 und d/1, Untersuchungen der Zweigstelle Kairo des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts. Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Shaw, I. 1994. “Pharaonic Quarrying and Mining: Settlement and Procurement in Egypt’s Marginal Regions.” Antiquity 68:108–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Śliwa, J. 1986. “Die Siedlung des Mittleren Reiches bei Qasr el-Sagha. Grabungsbericht 1983 und 1985.” MDAIK 42:167–179.Google Scholar
Śliwa, J. 1988. “Qasr el-Sagha. Studies in the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period Settlements in 1979–1985.” Fontes Archaeologici Posnanienses 36:189–216.Google Scholar
Śliwa, J. 1992. “Die Siedlung des Mittleren Reiches bei Qasr el-Sagha. Grabungsbericht 1987 und 1988.” MDAIK 48:177–191.Google Scholar
Śliwa, J. 2005. “Der ḫnrt von Qasr el-Sagha.” In Structure and Significance. Thought on Ancient Egyptian Architecture, edited by Janosi, P., 477–491. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Śliwa, J. 2014. “Osiedle rzemieślnicze w Kasr el-Saga. Z badań nad architekturą egipską okresu Średniego Państwa.” In Sztuka Afryki w kolekcjach i badaniach polskich, edited by Szafranski, S., Kądziela, M., Tobota, M., and Ząbek, M., 177–188. Szczecin: Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie.Google Scholar
Smith, R. W., and Redford, D. B.. 1976. The Akhenaten Temple Project. 2 vols. Warminster: Aris & PhillipsGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. T. 1990. “Administration at the Egyptian Middle Kingdom Frontier: Sealings from Uronarti and Askut.” In Agean Seals, Sealings and Administration, edited by Palaima, T. G., 197–216. Liège: Université de Liège.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. 1995. Askut in Nubia: The Economics and Ideology of Egyptian Imperialism in the Second Millenium B.C. Studies in Egyptology. London and New York: Kegan Paul International.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. 2001. “Sealing Practice, Literacy and Administration in the Middle Kingdom.” CRIPEL 22:173–194.Google Scholar
Smith, V. E. 2010. “Modeling the Mechanics of Temple Production in the Middle Kingdom: An Investigation of the Shena of Divine Offerings adjacent to the Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos, Egypt.” PhD diss., Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Smither, P. C. 1945. “The Semnah Despatches.” JEA 31:3–10.Google Scholar
Snape, S. 2014. The Complete Cities of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Somaglino, C. 2010. “Du magasin au poste-frontière dans l’Égypte ancienne: Étude lexicographique du vocable khetem.” PhD diss., École Doctorale 1. Mondes anciens et médiévaux, Paris IV La Sorbonne, Paris.Google Scholar
Spence, K. 2004. “Royal Walling Projects in the Second Millennium BC: Beyond an Interpretation of Defence, in: B.J. Kemp et al., Egypt’s Invisible Walls.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 14 (2):265–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stadelmann, R. 1997. Die Ägyptischen Pyramiden: vom Ziegelbau zum Weltwunder. 3., Aktualisierte und erw. Aufl. Vol. 30, Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Tallet, P. 2005. Sésostris III et la fin de la XIIe dynastie, Grands pharaons. Paris: Pygmalion.Google Scholar
Tavares, A., and Kamel, M.. 2012. “Memphis, a City Unseen.” AERAGRAM 13 (1):2–7.Google Scholar
Valbelle, D. 1985. “Les Ouvriers de la Tombe”: Deir el-Medineh à l’époque Ramesside. Vol. 96, BdE. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
van den Driesch, A. 1986. “Tierknochenfunde aus Qasr el-Sagha/Fayum (Neolithikum und Mittleres Reich).” MDAIK 42:1–8.Google Scholar
Van Siclen, C. C. 1984. “The So-Called Gateway of Tuthmosis I at Karnak North.” GM 80:83.Google Scholar
van Siclen, C. C. III 1996. “Remarks on the Middle Kingdom Palace at Tell Basta.” In Haus und Palast im alten Ägypten, edited by Bietak, M., 241–246. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Ventura, R. 1987. “On the Location of the Administrative Outpost of the Community of Workmen in Western Thebes.” JEA 73:149–160.Google Scholar
Vercoutter, J. 1955. “Kor est-il Iken?” Kush 3:4–19.Google Scholar
Vernus, P. 1988. “Edfou au début de la XIIe dynastie au début de la XVIIIe dynastie.” L’Information Historique 50 (1):14–19.Google Scholar
Vogel, C. 2004. Ägyptische Festungen und Garnisonen bis zum Ende des Mittleren Reiches. Vol. 46, HÄB. Hildesheim: Gerstenberg.Google Scholar
von Pilgrim, C. 1996. Elephantine XVIII: Untersuchungen in der Stadt des Mittleren Reiches und der Zweiten Zwischenzeit.Vol.91, AV. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
von Pilgrim, C. 2001. “The Practice of Sealing in the Administration of the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom.” CRIPEL 22:161–172.Google Scholar
von Pilgrim, C. 2006. “Zur Entwicklung der Verehrungsstätten des Heqaib in Elephantine.” In Timelines. Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak, Vol. 149 (1), OLA, edited by E. Czerny, 403–418. Leuven/Paris/ Dudley, MA: Peeters.Google Scholar
von Pilgrim, C. 2010. “Elephantine – (Festungs-)Stadt am Ersten Katarakt.” In Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt, edited by Bietak, M., Czerny, E., and Forstner-Müller, I., 257–270. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
von Pilgrim, C. 2013. “Die Stadtmauer des Mittleren Reiches.” In Seidlmayer, S. J. et al., “Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine. 39./40./41. Grabungsbericht.” MDAIK 70 (in press).Google Scholar
Wegner, J. W. 1998. “Excavations at the Town of Enduring-Are-the-Places-of-Khakaure-Maa-Kheru-in-Abydos. A Preliminary Report on the 1994 and 1997 Seasons.” JARCE 35:1–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wegner, J. W. 2001a. “Institutions and Officials at South Abydos: An overview of the Sigillographic Evidence.” CRIPEL 22:77–106.Google Scholar
Wegner, J. W. 2001b. “The Town of Wah-Sut at South Abydos: 1999 Excavations.” MDAIK 57:281–308.Google Scholar
Wegner, J. W. 2004. “Social and Historical Implications of Sealings of the King’s Daughter Reniseneb and Other Women at the Town of Wah-Sut.” In Scarabs of the Second Millennium BC from Egypt, Nubia, Crete and the Levant: Chronological and Historical Implications, edited by Bietak, M. and Czerny, E., 221–240. Vienna:Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Wegner, J. W. 2006. “The Mayor’s House of Ancient Wah-Sut.” Expedition 48 (2):31–36.Google Scholar
Wegner, J. W. 2007. The Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos. Edited by Simpson, W. K. and O’Connor, D.. Vol. 8, Publications of the Pennsylvania-Yale-Insitute of Fine Arts/NYU Expedition to Egypt. New Haven and Philadelphia: Peabody Museum of Natural History of Yale University, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.Google Scholar
Wells, J. W. 1994. “Sesostris III’s First Nubian Campaign.” In Essays in Egyptology in Honor of Hans Goedicke, edited by Bryan, B. M. and Lorton, D., 339–246. San Antonio, TX: Van Siclen Books.Google Scholar
Ziermann, M. 1993. Elephantine XVI: Befestigungsanlagen und Stadtentwicklung in der Frühzeit und im frühen Alten Reich. Vol. 87, AV. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×