Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:01:05.142Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Predicting suicidal ideation in a nationally representative sample of young adults: a 12-month prospective study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2021

Karen Wetherall Open the ORCID record for Karen Wetherall [Opens in a new window] ,
Seonaid Cleare ,
Sarah Eschle ,
Eamonn Ferguson ,
Daryl B. O'Connor ,
Ronan E. O'Carroll  and
Rory C. O'Connor
Karen Wetherall*
Affiliation:
Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
Seonaid Cleare
Affiliation:
Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
Sarah Eschle
Affiliation:
Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
Eamonn Ferguson
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK
Daryl B. O'Connor
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
Ronan E. O'Carroll
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, UK
Rory C. O'Connor
Affiliation:
Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Karen Wetherall, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Evidence-based theoretical models outlining the pathways to the development of suicidal ideation may inform treatment. The current research draws from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPT) and the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) Model of suicidal behaviour and aims to test the interaction between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as proposed by the IPT model, and the defeat-entrapment pathway as proposed by the IMV model, in the prediction of suicidal ideation at 12-month follow-up.

Methods

The Scottish Wellbeing Study is a nationally representative prospective study of young people aged 18–34 years (n = 3508) from across Scotland, who completed a baseline interview and a 12-month follow-up (n = 2420). The core factors from both the IPT (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) and the IMV model (defeat, internal and external entrapment) were measured alongside demographics, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation at baseline. At 12-month follow-up, suicidal ideation was assessed again.

Results

In multiple regression analysis perceived burdensomeness and internal entrapment, with baseline suicidal ideation, predicted 12-month suicidal ideation. No support for the interaction between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in predicting 12-month suicidal ideation was found. However, there was evidence that internal, but not external, entrapment mediated the relationship between defeat and 12-month suicidal ideation, but no support was found for the moderation of burdensomeness and belongingness on the entrapment to suicidal ideation pathway.

Conclusions

The current findings highlight the importance of targeting perceived burdensomeness and internal entrapment to reduce the likelihood that suicidal ideation emerges in at risk individuals.

Keywords

DefeatentrapmentIntegrated Motivational-Volitional Model of suicidal behaviour (IMV)Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPT)perceived burdensomenessthwarted belongingness
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 14 , October 2022 , pp. 3168 - 3175
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Ranieri, W. F. (1988). Scale for suicide ideation: Psychometric properties of a self-report version. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(4), 499–505.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Branley-Bell, D., O'Connor, D. B., Green, J. A., Ferguson, E., O'Carroll, R. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2019). Distinguishing suicide ideation from suicide attempts: Further test of the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 117, 100–107. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.07.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chu, C., Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Tucker, R. P., Hagan, C. R., … Joiner, T. E. (2017). The interpersonal theory of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12), 1313–1345. doi: 10.1037/bul0000123CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dhingra, K., Boduszek, D., & O'Connor, R. C. (2016). A structural test of the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Psychiatry Research, 239, 169–178. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fazaa, N., & Page, S. (2003). Dependency and self-criticism as predictors of suicidal behavior. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 33(2), 172–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, P., & Allan, S. (1998). The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: An exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 585–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Holmes, E. A., Ghaderi, A., Harmer, C. J., Ramchandani, P. G., Cuijpers, P., Morrison, A. P., … Craske, M. G. (2018). The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow's science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(3), 237–286. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30513-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jobes, D. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2019). Reflections on suicidal ideation. Crisis, 40(4), 227–230. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000615CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joiner, T. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kleiman, E. M., Turner, B. J., Fedor, S., Beale, E. E., Huffman, J. C., & Nock, M. K. (2017). Examination of real-time fluctuations in suicidal ideation and its risk factors: Results from two ecological momentary assessment studies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(6), 726–738. doi: 10.1037/abn0000273CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ma, J., Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L., & Han, J. (2016). A systematic review of the predictions of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 34–45. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mars, B., Cornish, R., Heron, J., Boyd, A., Crane, C., Hawton, K., … Gunnell, D. (2016). Using data linkage to investigate inconsistent reporting of self-harm and questionnaire non-response. Archives of Suicide Research, 20(2), 113–141. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2015.1033121CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miranda, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2007). Brooding and reflection: Rumination predicts suicidal ideation at 1-year follow-up in a community sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(12), 3088–3095. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.07.015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connor, R. C. (2011). The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior. Crisis-the Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 32(6), 295–298. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000120CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, R. C., & Kirtley, O. J. (2018). The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 373, 20170268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, R. C., & Nock, M. K. (2014). The psychology of suicidal behaviour. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(1), 73–85. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70222-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, R. C., & Portzky, G. (2018). The relationship between entrapment and suicidal behavior through the lens of the integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behavior. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, R. C., Smyth, R., Ferguson, E., Ryan, C., & Williams, J. M. G. (2013). Psychological processes and repeat suicidal behavior: A four-year prospective study. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 81(6), 1137–1143. doi: 10.1037/a0033751CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connor, R. C., Wetherall, K., Cleare, S., Eschle, S., Drummond, J., Ferguson, E., … O'Carroll, R. (2018). Suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm: A national prevalence study of young adults. British Journal of Psychiatry Open, 4, 142–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, R., Dempsey, R., Jones, S., & Gooding, P. (2018). Defeat and entrapment in bipolar disorder: Exploring the relationship with suicidal ideation from a psychological theoretical perspective. Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviour, 48(1), 116–128. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12343CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peeters, M., Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, M., Vink, G., & van de Schoot, R. (2015). How to handle missing data: A comparison of different approaches. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12(4), 377–394. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1049526CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasmussen, S. A., Fraser, L., Gotz, M., MacHale, S., Mackie, R., Masterton, G., … O'Connor, R. C. (2010). Elaborating the cry of pain model of suicidality: Testing a psychological model in a sample of first-time and repeat self-harm patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 15–30. doi: 10.1348/014466509x415735CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, N. B., Norr, A. M., Allan, N. P., Raines, A. M., & Capron, D. W. (2017). A randomized clinical trial targeting anxiety sensitivity for patients with suicidal ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(6), 596–610. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000195CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siddaway, A. P., Taylor, P. J., Wood, A. M., & Schulz, J. (2015). A meta-analysis of perceptions of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety problems, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicidality. Journal of Affective Disorders, 184, 149–159. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.046CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sloman, L., Gilbert, P., & Hasey, G. (2003). Evolved mechanisms in depression: The role and interaction of attachment and social rank in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 74(2), 107–121. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00116-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanley, I. H., Boffa, J. W., Rogers, M. L., Hom, M. A., Albanese, B. J., Chu, C., … Joiner, T. E. (2018). Anxiety sensitivity and suicidal ideation/suicide risk: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(11), 946–960. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000342CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, P. J., Gooding, P. A., Wood, A. M., Johnson, J., & Tarrier, N. (2011). Prospective predictors of suicidality: Defeat and entrapment lead to changes in suicidal ideation over time. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 41(3), 297–306. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00029.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teismann, T., & Forkmann, T. (2017). Rumination, entrapment and suicide ideation: A mediational model. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(1), 226–234. doi: 10.1002/cpp.1999CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teismann, T., Forkmann, T., Rath, D., Glaesmer, H., & Margraf, J. (2016). Perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation in adult outpatients receiving exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 85, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsikriktsis, N. (2005). A review of techniques for treating missing data in OM survey research. Journal of Operations Management, 24(1), 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2005.03.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, R. P., O'Connor, R. C., & Wingate, L. R. (2016). An investigation of the relationship between rumination styles, hope, and suicide ideation through the lens of the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior. Archives of Suicide Research, 20(4), 553–566. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1158682CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Orden, K. A., Cukrowicz, K. C., Witte, T. K., & Joiner, T. E. (2012). Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness: Construct validity and psychometric properties of the interpersonal needs questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 24(1), 197–215. doi: 10.1037/a0025358CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E Jr.. (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wetherall, K., Robb, K. A., & O'Connor, R. C. (2018). An examination of social comparison and suicide ideation through the lens of the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 49(1), 167–182. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12434CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WHO. (2018). World Health Organisation: Suicide Data. https://www.who.int/teams/mental-health-and-substance-use/suicide-dataGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Wetherall et al. supplementary material

Figure S1 and Tables S1-S2

Download Wetherall et al. supplementary material(File)
File 45.6 KB