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The microorganisms of cryoconite holes (algae, Archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and Protista): a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2015

Łukasz Kaczmarek ,
Natalia Jakubowska ,
Sofia Celewicz-Gołdyn  and
Krzysztof Zawierucha
Łukasz Kaczmarek
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznań, Poland. ([email protected])
Natalia Jakubowska
Affiliation:
Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznań, Poland.
Sofia Celewicz-Gołdyn
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60–625 Poznań, Poland
Krzysztof Zawierucha
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznań, Poland.
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Abstract

We provide a comprehensive list of microorganisms (algae, Archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and Protista) inhabiting cryoconite holes on glaciers throughout the world, giving an updated taxonomy accompanied by geographic coordinates and localities. The list consists of 370 taxa reported from cryoconite holes (mostly from Arctic and Antarctic regions and European Alps). However, most of the taxa were not identified to the species level. Until now only 39 identified species or subspecies of bacteria and Archaea, 11 fungi, 17 cyanobacteria, 62 algae, and 13 Protista are known from cryoconite holes, which are only about 38% of total number of taxa reported from these ephemeral environments. Almost 62% of the taxa were marked as cf. (confer) or were identified only to the genera or even to the higher taxonomic units (such as families or orders). This wide and detailed review assists other scientists to identify the gaps in our knowledge about cryobionts and indicates directions for further zoogeographical and taxonomical studies in this unique freshwater habitat.

Type
Research Article
Information
Polar Record , Volume 52 , Issue 2 , March 2016 , pp. 176 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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