Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T11:32:23.146Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A typology of non-local reflexives in the Scandinavian languages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2011

Tania E. Strahan
Tania E. Strahan*
Affiliation:
Sydney, Australia. [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The Scandinavian languages are very closely related but also vary syntactically in interesting ways, making this family useful in the study of typology variation. In this paper the issue of non-local reflexives, or ‘long-distance reflexives’ (LDR) is investigated. New LDR data from the Scandinavian languages is presented to show that the Binding Conditions cannot account for the variation in LDR in these languages, since the range of domains that LDR may or may not occur in in each variety varies non-hierarchically. For instance, LDR in Icelandic may be bound out of a finite complement clause but not out of a relative clause, while the reverse is true in most Norwegian dialects. Faroese allows LDR out of both clause types, but many dialects do not allow a second person pronoun to co-occur in a sentence containing LDR, which does not generally affect Icelandic or Norwegian LDR. An extension of Dalrymple's (1993) typology of anaphora, which is set within the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar, can account for this data, using a combination of inside-out and outside-in functional uncertainty equations, on- and off-path constraints and positive and negative constraints, all of which refer to elements (potentially) found in functional-structure.

Keywords

anaphoraDanishFaroesef-structureIcelandicLexical-Functional Grammar (LFG)long-distance reflexives (LDR)Norwegianoutside-in functional uncertaintyScandinavianSwedish
Type
Research Article
Information
Nordic Journal of Linguistics , Volume 34 , Special Issue 2: The Nordic Languages and Typology , October 2011 , pp. 157 - 178
Copyright
Copyright © Nordic Association of Linguistics 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Busterud, Guro. 2010. Methodological problems related to research on L2 Norwegian anaphors. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 33 (2), 145–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1986. Barriers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, Mary. 1993. The Syntax of Anaphoric Binding. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, Mary. 2001. Lexical Functional Grammar (Syntax and Semantics 42). New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagedorn, Karen Thagaard & Jørgensen, Henrik. 2008. The status of the pronoun sin in Western Jutland. Ms., University of Århus.Google Scholar
Hagège, Claude. 1974. Les pronoms logophoriques ‘Logophoric pronouns’. Bulletin de la Société de la Linguistique de Paris 69, 287–310.Google Scholar
Holmberg, Anders & Platzack, Christer. 1995. The Role of Inflection in Scandinavian Syntax. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lødrup, Helge. 2006. Animacy and long-distance binding: The case of Norwegian. Ms., NTNU.Google Scholar
Manzini, M. Rita & Wexler, Kenneth. 1987. Parameters, binding theory and learnability. Linguistic Inquiry 18 (3), 413–444.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Don C. & Green, David W.. 1978. The effects of context and content on immediate processing in reading. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 30 (4), 609–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moshagen, Sjur Nørstebø & Trosterud, Trond. 1990. Non-clause-bounded reflexives in Mainland Scandinavian. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 46, 47–52.Google Scholar
Oshima, David. 2007. On empathic and logophoric binding. Research on Language and Computation 5 (1), 19–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sells, Peter. 1987. Aspects of logophoricity. Linguistic Inquiry 18 (3), 445–479.Google Scholar
Sigurðsson, Halldór Ármann. 1986. Moods and (long-distance) reflexives in Icelandic. Ms., University of Kiel.Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2003. Long-distance Reflexives: A Quantitative Study. München: Lincom-Europa.Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2005. Intonational phrases and reflexives in Norwegian. In Bruce, Gösta & Horne, Merle (eds.), Nordic Prosody IX. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2008. The evidence of long-distance reflexives in Norwegian and the nature of parameters: Is overt case-marking related to long-distance binding? Presented at Revisiting Parameters: Holmberg & Platzack (1995) Reloaded, Lund.Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2009a. Faroese long-distance reflexives face off against Icelandic long-distance reflexives. In Svenonius, Peter, Bentzen, Kristine, Jacobsen, Jógvan í Lon, Johannessen, Janne Bondi, Heycock, Caroline, Parrott, Jeffrey K., Strahan, Tania E. & Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander (eds.), Faroese Long-distance Reflexives Face off Against Icelandic Long-distance Reflexives, 114–141. Tromsø: Universitet i Tromsø.Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2009b. Outside-in binding of reflexives in Insular Scandinavian. In Butt, Miriam & King, Tracy Holloway (eds.), LFG09, 541–561.Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2010a. The effect of context on nonlocal reflexives in Faroese. Ms., www.strahan.id.au.Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2010b. Rannsóknir mínar á færeysku – yfirlit og framtíðaráform [My Faroese research: Overview and plans for the future]. Presented at Frændafundur [Family meeting], Háskóli Íslands (The University of Iceland, Reykjavík).Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2011a. Report on anaphora in Vestjysk Danish. Ms., Háskóli Íslands (The University of Iceland, Reykjavík). www.strahan.id.au. [work in progress]Google Scholar
Strahan, Tania E. 2011b. Initial observations on long-distance reflexives in Fosen Norwegian. Ms., Háskóli Íslands (The University of Iceland, Reykjavík). www.strahan.id.au. [work in progress]Google Scholar
Thráinsson, Höskuldur. 1991. Long-distance reflexives and the typology of NPs. In Koster, Jan & Reuland, Eric (eds.), Long-Distance Reflexives and the Typology of NPs, 49–76. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Thráinsson, Höskuldur. 2007. The Syntax of Icelandic (Cambridge Syntax Guides). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thráinsson, Höskuldur, Jónsson, Jóhannes Gísli & Eyþórsson, Þórhallur. 2008–2009. Tilbrigði í færeyskri setningagerð [Variation in Faroese syntax]. https://uni.hi.is/hoski/rannsoknaverkefni/ (13 July 2011).Google Scholar
Thráinsson, Höskuldur, Rögnvaldsson, Eiríkur, Sigurjónsdóttir, Sigríður, Jónsson, Jóhannes Gísli, Svavarsdóttir, Ásta & Blöndal, Þórunn. 2005–2007. Tilbrigði í setningagerð [Variation in syntax]. http://malvis.hi.is/tilbrigdi/ (13 July 2011).Google Scholar
Vikner, Sten. 1985. Parameters of binder and of binding category in Danish. Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax 44, 1–61.Google Scholar