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The Association between High Neuroticism-Low Extraversion and Dual-Task Performance during Walking While Talking in Non-demented Older Adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2015

Brittany C. LeMonda ,
Jeannette R. Mahoney ,
Joe Verghese  and
Roee Holtzer
Brittany C. LeMonda
Affiliation:
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
Jeannette R. Mahoney
Affiliation:
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
Joe Verghese
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
Roee Holtzer*
Affiliation:
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Roee Holtzer, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The Walking While Talking (WWT) dual-task paradigm is a mobility stress test that predicts major outcomes, including falls, frailty, disability, and mortality in aging. Certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, extraversion, and their combination, have been linked to both cognitive and motor outcomes. We examined whether individual differences in personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion predicted dual-task performance decrements (both motor and cognitive) on a WWT task in non-demented older adults. We hypothesized that the combined effect of high neuroticism-low extraversion would be related to greater dual-task costs in gait velocity and cognitive performance in non-demented older adults. Participants (N=295; age range,=65–95 years; female=164) completed the Big Five Inventory and WWT task involving concurrent gait and a serial 7’s subtraction task. Gait velocity was obtained using an instrumented walkway. The high neuroticism-low extraversion group incurred greater dual-task costs (i.e., worse performance) in both gait velocity {95% confidence interval (CI) [−17.68 to −3.07]} and cognitive performance (95% CI [−19.34 to −2.44]) compared to the low neuroticism-high extraversion group, suggesting that high neuroticism-low extraversion interferes with the allocation of attentional resources to competing task demands during the WWT task. Older individuals with high neuroticism-low extraversion may be at higher risk for falls, mobility decline and other adverse outcomes in aging. (JINS, 2015, 21, 519–530)

Keywords

AgingDual-taskingMobilityGaitCognitionPersonality
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 21 , Issue 7 , August 2015 , pp. 519 - 530
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2015 

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