Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T18:30:09.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The polyplacophoran “Chiton” carbonarius Stevens, 1858, in North America and new related species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2016

R. D. Hoare  and
R. H. Mapes
R. D. Hoare
Affiliation:
Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
R. H. Mapes
Affiliation:
Ohio University, Athens 45701
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

“Chiton” carbonarius Stevens, 1858, is reassigned as the type species to Glaphurochiton Raymond, 1910. This species evolved from an unknown Mississippian ancestor, and spread rapidly into the Midcontinent region, Eastern Interior, and Appalachian basins during the Morrowan. Glaphurochiton carbonarius served as the root stock for development of several species: G. concinnus (Richardson) during the Desmoinesian and G. subcircularis n. sp. during the Virgilian in the Eastern Interior basin and G. elimatus n. sp. in the Appalachian basin and possibly G.? riddlei (Frederickson) in the Midcontinent region during the Missourian.

Glaphurochiton is believed to have been essentially restricted to a mud bottom based upon its occurrence and relative abundance. Commonly the only taxon present, often abundantly, in black and gray shales, Glaphurochiton is rare to absent in limestones, algal limestones, reefs, and shales with an abundance of crustose calcareous algae. The latter lithologies commonly support a diverse polyplacophoran fauna essentially lacking Glaphurochiton.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , May 1986 , pp. 627 - 635
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baily, W. H. 1859. On the occurrence of detached plates of the shell of a new species of Chiton in the Carboniferous limestone at Lisbane, County of Limerick. Natural History Review and Quarterly Journal of Science, 6:330–334.Google Scholar
Bergenhayn, J. R. M. 1955. Die Fossilen Schwedischen Loricaten nebst einer vorläufigen Revision des Systems der ganzen Klasse Loricata. Lunds Universitets Årsskrift, n.f., Avd. 2, 51(8); Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets, Handlingar, n.f., Avd. 2, 66(8):1–41.Google Scholar
Carpenter, P. P. 1882. In Dall, W. H., On the genera of chitons. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 4:279–281.Google Scholar
DeBrock, M. D., Hoare, R. D. and Mapes, R. H. 1984. Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 58:1117–1135.Google Scholar
Frederickson, E. A. 1962. Helminthochiton from the Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geology Notes, Oklahoma Geological Survey, 22(11):298–302.Google Scholar
Hoare, R. D. 1975. Selection of neotype specimen for Chiton carbonarius Stevens (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). Ohio Journal of Science, 75(5):223–224.Google Scholar
Hoare, R. D. 1979. Stratigraphic distribution of Polyplacophora in the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian of North America. 8th International Congress on Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, Compte Rendu, 3:176–183.Google Scholar
Hoare, R. D. and Hoare, T. B. 1972. Middle Pennsylvanian (Allegheny Group) Polyplacophora from Ohio. Journal of Paleontology, 46(5):675–680.Google Scholar
Hoare, R. D. and Smith, A. G. 1984. Permian Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from West Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 58(1):82–103.Google Scholar
Hoare, R. D. and Sturgeon, M. T. 1976. Arcochiton raymondi n. gen., n. sp. of polyplacophoran from the Pennsylvanian of Ohio. Journal of Paleontology, 50(8):841–845.Google Scholar
Koninck, L. G. de. 1844. Description des Animaux Fossiles, qui se trouvent dans le Terrain carbonifère de Belgique. Le genre Chiton Linn., p. 319–324. Liege.Google Scholar
Koninck, L. G. de. 1883. Faune du calcaire carbonifère de la Belgique, Pt. 4, Gastéropodes. Annales Musée royale d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, séries Paleontogie, 8(4):198–213.Google Scholar
Orbigny, A. D. d'., 1850. Prodrome de paléontologique stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnnés faisant suite au cours élémentaire de paléontologie, vol. 1, p. 127. Paris.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1892. Monograph of the Polyplacophora. Manual of Conchology, 14:1–350.Google Scholar
Raymond, P. E. 1910. A preliminary list of the fauna of the Allegheny and Conemaugh series in western Pennsylvania. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 7(1):144–158.Google Scholar
Richardson, E. S. Jr. 1956. Pennsylvanian invertebrates of the Mazon Creek Area, Illinois. Fieldiana: Geology, Chicago Museum of Natural History, 12(3):59–67.Google Scholar
Ryckholt, P. de. 1845. Résumé géologique sur le genre Chiton Lin. Bulletin de l'Academie royale des Science et de Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, 12(7):36–62.Google Scholar
Salter, J. W. 1862. In McCoy, F., A Synopsis of the Silurian Fossils of Ireland. London, 274 p.Google Scholar
Sirenko, V. I. and Starobogatov, Y. I. 1977. K sistematike paleozoyskikh i mezozoyskikh khitonov. Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, 3:30–41.Google Scholar
Smith, A. G. 1976. Two new Permian chitons from West Texas (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). The Veliger, 18(3):281–288.Google Scholar
Smith, A. G. and Hoare, R. D. 1986. Paleozoic Polyplacophora—a checklist and bibliography. California Academy of Sciences Occasional Paper 146, 71 p.Google Scholar
Stevens, R. P. 1858. Description of new Carboniferous fossils from the Appalachian, Illinois, and Michigan coalfields. American Journal of Science and Arts, (2)25 (74):258–265.Google Scholar
Thiele, J. 1910. Revision des Systems der chitonen. Zoologica, 22(56):1–132 (1909–1910).Google Scholar
Van Belle, R. A. 1975. Sur la classification des Polyplacophora: II. Classification systématique des Lepidopleurina (Neoloricata), avec la description des Helminthochitoninae nov. subfam. (Lepidopleuridae) et de Mesochiton nov. gen. (Helminthochitoninae). Informations de la Société Belge de Malacologie, (4)6: 135–145.Google Scholar
Yochelson, E. L. and Richardson, E. S. Jr. 1979. Polyplacophora molluscs of the Essex fauna (Middle Pennsylvanian, Illinois), p. 321–322. In Nitecki, H. (ed.), Mazon Creek Fossils. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yochelson, E. L. and Saunders, B. W. 1967. A bibliographic index of North American Late Paleozoic Hyolitha, Amphineura, Scaphopoda, and Gastropoda. United States Geological Survey Bulletin, 1210:1–271.Google Scholar