Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T15:55:03.292Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Medication Use, Substance Use, and Psychological Conditions of Female Inmates in Canadian Federal Prisons

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Chantal Plourde ,
Natasha Dufour ,
Serge Brochu  and
Annie Gendron
Chantal Plourde*
Affiliation:
Group for Research and Intervention on Psychoactive Substances of Quebec (RISQ), the International Center for Comparative Criminology (CICC)-UQTR and the Centre Dollard-Cormier - University Institute on Addictions – Professor, Department of Psycho-education, University of Quebec at TroisRivières
Natasha Dufour
Affiliation:
Consultation-Liaison Services, University of Montreal Medical Center (CHUM)
Serge Brochu
Affiliation:
Group for Research and Intervention on Psychoactive Substances of Quebec (RISQ), the International Center for Comparative Criminology (CICC) and the Centre Dollard-Cormier - University Institute on Addictions – Assistant Dean, Human Resources and Management, Faculty of Arts and Sciences – Professor, School of Criminology, University of Montreal
Annie Gendron
Affiliation:
Research and Strategic Development Center, École Nationale de Police du Québec
*
1Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to : Chantal Plourde, 3351 boulevard des Forges (1014a, M-S), P.O. Box 500 Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7, Telephone: 819-376-5011 ext. 4059 - Fax: 819-376-5210 - E-mail: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This study provides data on substance use patterns, including medications, among female inmates in Canadian federal prisons. The participants were interviewed regarding their substance use and their psychological condition before and during incarceration. Their medication cards were also analyzed. The results show that a large proportion (66.9 %) of these incarcerated women reported substance abuse prior to incarceration and exhibited psychological disorders. In prison, if the illicit substance use remained low, most subjects had prescriptions for more than one medication. Furthermore, women with psychotropic medication prescriptions in their file had, on average, prescriptions for two different psychotropic medications. Significant relationships were found between substance misuse before incarceration and illicit substance use or and psychotropic medication use during incarceration. These results support the need to develop integrated services for both addiction and mental health for female offenders during incarceration.

Résumé

Résumé

Cette étude décrit les habitudes de consommation de substances psychoactives des détenues incarcérées dans les pénitenciers fédéraux canadiens. Les participantes ont été interrogées au sujet de leur utilisation de substances psychoactives et de leur état psychologique avant et pendant l'incarcération. Leur fiche de médicaments prescrits a également été analysée. Les résultats montrent qu'une grande proportion (66,9 %) de ces femmes incarcérées a rapporté des problèmes de dépendance ainsi que des troubles psychologiques avant leur incarcération. Durant leur période d'incarcération, bien que la consommation de substances illicites est demeurée relativement faible, un grand nombre de femmes recevait des médicaments psychoactifs prescrits par les services de santé de l’établissement. Celles qui bénéficiaient de prescriptions de médicaments psychotropes recevaient, en moyenne, deux psychotropes différents. Des relations significatives ont été trouvées entre l'abus de substances avant l'incarcération et l'utilisation de substances illicites et de médicaments psychotropes prescrits au cours de l'incarcération. Ces résultats confirment la nécessité de développer des services intégrés à la fois pour la toxicomanie et la santé mentale pour les délinquantes pendant leur incarcération.

Resumen

Resumen

Este estudio describe los hábitos de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de internas en centros penitenciarios federales en Canadá. Se ha preguntado a las participantes sobre la utilización de las sustancias psicoactivas y su estado psicológico antes y durante el internamiento. Asimismo, se han analizado sus fichas de prescripción de medicamentos. Los resultados muestran que una gran parte de estas mujeres internas (un 66,9%), han tenido problemas de dependencia así como trastornos psicológicos antes de su internamiento en el centro penitenciario. Durante su periodo de encarcelamiento, aunque el consumo de sustancias ilícitas se mantuvo relativamente bajo, un gran número de mujeres recibía medicamentos psicoactivos prescritos por los servicios de salud del establecimiento. Las que se beneficiaban de prescripciones de medicamentos psicotrópicos recibían, de media, dos psicotrópicos diferentes. Se han encontrado relaciones significativas entre el abuso de sustancias ilícitas y la prescripción de medicamentos psicotrópicos durante el internamiento. Estos resultados confirman la necesidad de desarrollar servicios integrados a la vez para la toxicomanía y para la salud mental destinados a las delincuentes durante su encarcelamiento.

Keywords

medicationsubstance use and abusewomenprisonsmental health
Type
Research Article
Information
International Annals of Criminology , Volume 51 , Issue 1-2 , 2013 , pp. 23 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 International Society for Criminology 

References

Allnutt, S., Wedgewood, L., Wilhelm, K., & Butler, T. (2008). Temperament, substance use and psychopathology in a prisoner population: Implications for treatment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42(11), 969–975.Google Scholar
Babbie, E. R. (1991). Survey Research Methods. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Binswanger, I. A., Merrill, J. O., Krueger, P. M., White, M. C., Booth, R. E., & Elmore, G. (2010). Gender differences in chronic medical, psychiatric, and substance-dependence disorders among jail inmates. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 476–482.Google Scholar
Brochu, S., & Plourde, C. (2012). L'offre de services aux adultes toxicomanes sous le coup de mesures judiciaires: un jeu de murs et de ponts. In Brochu, S., Landry, M., & Patenaude, C. (eds). L'intégration des services en toxicomanie (pp. 107–125). Québec, Canada: Presses de l'Université Laval.Google Scholar
Butler, T., Andrews, G., Allnutt, S., Sakashita, C., Smith, N. E., & Basson, J. (2006). Mental disorders in Australian prisoners: A comparison with community sample. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 272–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butler, T., Kariminia, A., Levy, M., & Murphy, M. (2004). The self-reported health status of prisoners in New South Wales. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 344–350.Google ScholarPubMed
Canadian Pharmaceutical Association. (2005). Compendium of pharmaceuticals and specialities. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Pharmaceutical Association.Google Scholar
Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16–29.Google Scholar
Darke, S. (1998). Self-reports among injecting drug users: A review. Drug Alcohol Depend, 51, 253–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edgar, K., & O'Donnell, I. (1998). Mandatory drug testing in prisons: The relationship between MDT and the level and nature of drug misuse. London, England: Home Office Research Study.Google Scholar
Faust, E., & Magaletta, P. R. (2010). Factors predicting levels of female inmates’ use of psychological services. Psychological Services, 7(1), 1–10.Google Scholar
Folsom, J. (2010). Services de santé du SCC : la psychologie en prison. Retrieved from http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/hlth/pip-2010-fra.shtml Google Scholar
James, D. J., & Glaze, L. E. (2006). Mental health problems of prison and jail inmates (Report NCJ 213600). Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/mhppji.pdf Google Scholar
Karberg, J., & James, J. (2005). Substance dependance, abuse, and treatment of jail inmates (Report NCJ 209588). Washington, DC: US Department of Justice. Retrieved from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/sdatji02.pdf Google Scholar
Gunter, T. D., Philibert, R., & Hollenbeck, N. (2009). Medical and psychiatric problems among men and women in a community corrections residential setting. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 27(5), 695–711.Google Scholar
Langner, N., Barton, J., McDonagh, D., Noël, C., & Bouchard, F. (2002). Rates of prescribed medication use by women in prison. Forum on Corrections Research, 14(2), 10–14.Google Scholar
Mahony, H. T. (2011). Les femmes et le système de justice pénal (Report 89-503-X). Québec, Canada: Statistique Canada. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-503-x/2010001/article/11416-fra.pdf Google Scholar
Maruschak, L. M. (2006). Medical problems of jail inmates (Report NCJ 210696). Washington, DC: US Department of Justice. Retrieved from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/mpji.pdf Google Scholar
McDonagh, D., Noël, C., & Wichmann, C. (2002). Mental health needs of women offenders: Needs analysis for the development of the intensive intervention strategy. Forum on Corrections Research, 14(2), 31–34.Google Scholar
McLellan, A. T., Lubborsky, L., & O'Brien, C. P. (1998). Indice de gravité d'une toxicomanie (IGT) (Bergeron, J., Landry, M., Brochu, S., & Guyon, L., Trans.). QC, Canada: Le RISQ.Google Scholar
Pélissolo, A. A. (2009). Les dépressions sévères: Quels concepts? Quels critères? L'Encéphale: Revue de psychiatrie clinique biologique et thérapeutique, 35(7), S243–S249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plourde, C., & Brochu, S. (2002). Medicine and prison: Homeostasis of an environment. International Medical Journal, 9(3), 163–169.Google Scholar
Plourde, C., Brunelle, N., & Ledoux, C. (2010). Drugs: Dealing with substance use problems among criminal offenders: Things to know. In Herzog-Evans, M. (ed). Transnational Criminology (Vol. 3, pp. 565–592). Nijmegen Wolf Legal Publishers.Google Scholar
Robert, D., Frigon, S., & Belzile, R. (2007). Women, the embodiment of health and carceral space. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 3(3), 176–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schantz, L. R., & Frigon, S. (2009). Aging, women and health: From the pains of imprisonment to the pain of reintegration. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 5(1), 3–15.Google Scholar
Siegel, S., & Castellan, J. J. (1998). Nonparametric statistics for behavioral sciences (2nd ed). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Skinner, H. A., & Horn, J. L. (1984). Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) user's guide. Toronto, Canada: Addiction Research Foundation.Google Scholar
Taxman, F. S., Cropsey, K. L., Melnick, G., & Perdoni, M. L. (2008). COD services in community correctional settings: An examination of organizational factors that affect service delivery. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 26(1), 35–55.Google Scholar
Trudel, R., & Antonius, R. (1991). Méthodes quantitatives appliquées aux sciences humaines. Montréal, Canada: Centre éducatif et culturel.Google Scholar
Zlotnick, C., Clarke, J. G., Friedmann, P., Roberts, M. B., Sacks, S., & Melnick, G. (2008). Gender differences in comorbid disorders among offenders in prison substance abuse treatment. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 26(4), 403–412.Google Scholar