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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 August 2008
1 Appellate Body Report, Brazil—Measures Affecting Imports of Retreaded Tyres (‘Brazil–Retreaded Tyres’) (17 December 2007) WT/DS332/AB/R, para 126.
2 ibid para 140; see also Appellate Body Report, United States—Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline (‘US—Gasoline’) (20 May 1996) (WT/DS2/AB/R) [1996] I DSR 3, 20; Appellate Body Report, European Communities—Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products (‘EC—Asbestos’) (5 April 2001) (WT/DS135/AB/R) [2001] VII DSR 3243, para 168.
3 Appellate Body Report, Korea—Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Beef (‘Korea—Various Measures on Beef’) (10 January 2001) (WT/DS161/AB/R, WT/DS169/AB/R) [2001] I DSR 5, paras 161–64; see also Appellate Body Report, United States—Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services (‘US—Gambling’) (20 April 2005) (WT/DS285/AB/R and Corr 1) [2005] XII DSR 5663, para 306 (on the meaning of necessary in article XIV GATS).
4 Brazil – Retreaded Tyres (n 1) para 150.
5 ibid para 210.
6 ibid.
7 ibid para 151.
8 ibid para 153.
9 ibid para 154.
10 ibid para 156.
11 US—Gambling (n 3) para 308.
13 US—Gambling (n 3) para 311.
14 ibid para 308.
15 Brazil—Retreaded Tyres (n 1) para 174.
16 ibid.
17 ibid para 211.
18 European Communities' Appellant's Submission, para 285.
19 European Communities' Appellant's Submission, paras 294–95.
20 Brazil—Retreaded Tyres (n 1) para 178, referring to US—Gambling (n 3) para 307.
21 ibid para 182.
24 Panel Report, Brazil—Measures Affecting Imports of Retreaded Tyres (‘Brazil—Retreaded Tyres’), WT/DS332/R (17 December 2007), as modified by Appellate Body Report, WT/DS332/AB/R, para 7.281.
25 ibid para 7.272.
26 ibid para 7.273 (original emphasis).
27 ibid para 7.283.
28 Brazil—Retreaded Tyres (n 1) paras 225 and 227.
29 ibid para 228.
30 ibid.
31 ibid para 232.
32 ibid para 233.
33 ibid para 229, referring to Appellate Body Report, Japan—Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages (‘Japan—Alcoholic Beverages II’) (1 November 1996) (WT/DS10/AB/R, WT/DS11/AB/R) [1996] I DSR 97, 109–10.
34 ibid para 230.
35 ibid para 234, fn 445.
36 Panel Report, Brazil—Retreaded Tyres (n 24) para 7.352.
37 ibid paras 7.353–7.354.
38 ibid para 7.354.
39 Brazil—Retreaded Tyres (n 1) para 239.
40 Panel Report, Brazil—Retreaded Tyres (n 24) paras 7.292–7.294.
41 ibid para 7.306.
42 Brazil—Retreaded Tyres (n 1) para 246.
43 ibid.
44 ibid paras 246–47.
45 ibid para 251.
46 ibid para 256.
47 Brazil—Retreaded Tyres (n 1) para 254.
48 ibid para 257.