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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 January 2008
1 The present article is based upon the examination of over 200 cases handled by alien enemy hearing boards during World War II. These records have been kept confidential by the Department of Justice. An exception was made in allowing the writer to review them. Special thanks are given to the former Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalisation Service, J. M. Swing, and to the present Associate Commissioner, E. A. Loughran, and to Ralph Kramer, I.N.S. officer, for their assistance in making it possible to see the records and for providing me with working space there at the I.N.S. offices.
The writer was not permitted to make any reference to the names of persons involved in the cases, either as parties or otherwise. In the cases which are presented in the article, place names and other identifying names have been eliminated.