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Impact of an Environmental Cleaning Intervention on the Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci on Surfaces in Intensive Care Unit Rooms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Eric R. Goodman ,
Richard Piatt ,
Richard Bass ,
Andrew B. Onderdonk ,
Deborah S. Yokoe  and
Susan S. Huang
Eric R. Goodman
Affiliation:
Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts Boston, and Program in Health: Science, Society, and Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
Richard Piatt
Affiliation:
Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Waltham, Massachusetts
Richard Bass
Affiliation:
Environmental Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts
Andrew B. Onderdonk
Affiliation:
Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts
Deborah S. Yokoe
Affiliation:
Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts
Susan S. Huang*
Affiliation:
Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange
*
University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Building 53, Suite 215, 101 The City Dr., Orange, CA 92868 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Objectives.

To evaluate the adequacy of discharge room cleaning and the impact of a cleaning intervention on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) on environmental surfaces in intensive care unit (ICU) rooms.

Design.

Prospective environmental study.

Setting and sample.

Convenience sample of ICU rooms in an academic hospital.

Methods and intervention.

The intervention consisted of (1) a change from the use of pour bottles to bucket immersion for applying disinfectant to cleaning cloths, (2) an educational campaign, and (3) feedback regarding adequacy of discharge cleaning. Cleaning of 15 surfaces was evaluated by inspecting for removal of a preapplied mark, visible only with an ultraviolet lamp (“black light”). Six surfaces were cultured for MRSA or VRE contamination. Outcomes of mark removal and culture positivity were evaluated by X2 testing and generalized linear mixed models, clustering by room.

Results.

The black-light mark was removed from 44% of surfaces at baseline, compared with 71 % during the intervention (P < .001). The intervention increased the likelihood of removal of black-light marks after discharge cleaning (odds ratio, 4.4; P < .001), controlling for ICU type (medical vs surgical) and type of surface. The intervention reduced the likelihood of an environmental culture positive for MRSA or VRE (proportion of cultures positive, 45% at baseline vs 27% during the intervention; adjusted odds ratio, 0.4; P = .02). Broad, flat surfaces were more likely to be cleaned than were doorknobs and sink or toilet handles.

Conclusions.

Increasing the volume of disinfectant applied to environmental surfaces, providing education for Environmental Services staff, and instituting feedback with a black-light marker improved cleaning and reduced the frequency of MRSA and VRE contamination.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 29 , Issue 7 , July 2008 , pp. 593 - 599
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2008

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