Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:12:51.536Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Comment to Ragnar Lofstedt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ortwin Renn
Ortwin Renn*
Affiliation:
Research Unit: Risk Governance and Sustainable Technology Development, Stuttgart University, Germany. Please send inquiries to
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The fast development of technology and industrial processes during the last hundred years has caused increasing expectations by the public, customers and politics concerning the safety of operations and the risks of substances and activities related to production and consumption of goods. A highly differentiated and complex system of laws and regulations exists on the regional, national, and international level. In Germany alone, manufacturers are confronted with more than 10,000 regulations. Companies that trade all over the world are obliged to comply with a multitude of laws and regulations which partially are in conflict with each other.

In addition to the legal requirements, manufacturers of products and developers of technologies face increasing demands for more information and participation from the consumers, special stakeholder groups, and the public at large. The need for risk communication has been voiced since the late 1960s. The main targets have been large technical installations such as nuclear power plants or waste incinerators.

Type
Symposium on Risk versus Hazard
Information
European Journal of Risk Regulation , Volume 2 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 197 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 D. Scheer, C. Benighaus, L. Benighaus, S. Gold, J. Ortleb, O. Renn, “Communication of Risk and Hazard from the Angle of Different Stakeholders”, 11 BfR-Wissenschaft, edited by E. Ulbig, R. F. Hertel, G.-Fleur Boel (Berlin, BfR 2010), available on the Internet at <http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/238/communication_of_risk_and_hazard_from_the_angle_of_different_stakeholders.pdf> (last accessed on 14 March 2011).

2 Lofstedt, R., “Risk Communication Pitfalls and Promises”, 11(3) European Review (2003), pp. 417–435 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 Renn, O., “The Role of Risk Communication and Public Dialogue for Improving Risk Management”, 3(1) Risk Decision and Policy (1998), pp. 5–30 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4 OECD, “OECD Guidance Document on Risk Communication for Chemical Risk Management”, OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications, Series on Risk Management, No. 16 (Paris: OECD 2002).

5 Boholm, A., “Comparative Studies of Risk Perception: A Review of Twenty Years of Research”, 1(2) Journal of Risk Research (1998), pp. 135–163 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 US NRC (National Research Council), Improving Risk Communication (Washington, DC: National Academy Press 1989), at p. 321 Google ScholarPubMed.

7 Renn, O., Risk Governance. Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World (London: Earthscan 2008)Google Scholar.

8 Baram, M., “The Right to Know and the Duty to Disclose Hazard Information”, 74(4) American Journal of Public Health (1998), pp. 385–390 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

9 Aven, T. and Vinnem, J.E., Risk Management. With Applications from the Offshore Petroleum Industry (Heidelberg and London: Springer 2007)Google Scholar.

10 IRGC (International Risk Governance Council), “Risk Governance: Towards an Integrative Approach”, White Paper No. 1 (Geneva: IRGC 2005).

11 Aven and Vinnem, Risk Management, supra note 9.

12 IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), “Guidelines for Integrated Risk Assessment and Management in Large Industrial Areas”, Technical Document, IAEA–TECDOC PGVI–CIJV (Vienna: IAEA, 1995); IEC, “Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Technological Systems”, Report IEC–CD (Sec) 381 issued by the Technical Committee QMS/23 (Brussels: European Community 1993).

13 Aven, T. and Renn, O., Risk Management and Governance. Concepts, Guidelines and Applications (Heidelberg and New York: Springer 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

14 Paté-Cornell, M.E., “Uncertainties in Risk Analysis: Six Levels of Treatment”, 54 Reliability Engineering and Systems Safety (1996), pp. 95–111 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

15 BfR (Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung), „Leitfaden Format für gesundheitliche Bewertungen” (Berlin: BfR 2005), available on the Internet at <http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/221/bfr_leitfaden_format_fuer_gesundheitliche_bewertung.pdf> (last accessed on 14 March 2011).

16 Renn, O., “Communication about Food Safety”, in Dreyer, M. and Renn, O. (eds), Food Safety Governance. Integrating Science, Precaution and Public Involvement (Heidelberg and New York: Springer 2009), pp. 121–142 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

17 Kraus, N., Malmfors, T. and Slovic, P., “Intuitive Toxicology Expert and Lay Judgments of Chemical Risks”, 12 Risk Analysis (1992), pp. 215–232 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

18 Scheer et al., “Communication of Risk and Hazard”, supra note 1.

19 IRGC, “Risk Governance”, supra note 10.

20 AS/NZS (Australia/New Zealand Risk Management Standard), “Risk Management. AS/NZS 4360:1999, Joint Australian and New Zealand Risk Management Standard” (1999).

21 WHO (World Health Organization), World Health Report. Defining and Assessing Risks to Health (2002), Chapter 2, “What Are Risks to Health?”, available on the Internet at <http://www.who.int/whr/2002/chapter2/en/index1.html> (last accessed on 14 March 2011).

22 FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), “Risk Communication Manual. ASIA BIONET” (2005), Document No. 1.2005 “Capacity Building in Biosafety of GM Crops in Asia”, available on the Internet at <http://asiabionet.org/documents/PublicParticipationandAwarenessTrainor’sManual1.pdf> (last accessed on 14 March 2011).

23 United Nations, Living with Risk – A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives (2 Volumes, Terminology) (New York and Geneva: United Nations ISDR, 2004), available on the Internet at <http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/basic_docs/LwR2004/Annex%201%20Terminology.Pdf> (last accessed on 14 March 2011), at pp. 4, 6.

24 US NRC, Improving Risk Communication, supra note 6.

25 CEFIC (European Chemical Industry Council), “Glossary” (2006), available on the Internet at <http://www.cefic.be> (see “terms” in Glossary) (last accessed on 14 March 2011).

26 IRGC, “Risk Governance”, supra note 10.

27 BfR (Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung), “ERiK-Development of a Multi-Stage Risk Communication Process”, 4 BfR-Wissenschaft (Berlin: BfR 2007).

28 OECD, “OECD Guidance Document on Risk Communication”, supra note 4.