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Working memory moderates the association between early institutional care and separation anxiety symptoms in late childhood and adolescence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2019

Laura Alicia Alba ,
Jessica Flannery ,
Mor Shapiro  and
Nim Tottenham
Laura Alicia Alba
Affiliation:
Department of School Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
Jessica Flannery
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
Mor Shapiro
Affiliation:
Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
Nim Tottenham*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Nim Tottenham, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue MC5501, New York, NY 10027; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Adverse caregiving, for example, previous institutionalization (PI), is often associated with emotion dysregulation that increases anxiety risk. However, the concept of developmental multifinality predicts heterogeneity in anxiety outcomes. Despite this well-known heterogeneity, more work is needed to identify sources of this heterogeneity and how these sources interact with environmental risk to influence mental health. Here, working memory (WM) was examined during late childhood/adolescence as an intra-individual factor to mitigate the risk for separation anxiety, which is particularly susceptible to caregiving adversities. A modified “object-in-place” task was administered to 110 youths (10–17 years old), with or without a history of PI. The PI youths had elevated separation anxiety scores, which were anticorrelated with morning cortisol levels, yet there were no group differences in WM. PI youths showed significant heterogeneity in separation anxiety symptoms and morning cortisol levels, and WM moderated the link between caregiving and separation anxiety and mediated the association between separation anxiety and morning cortisol in PI youth. Findings suggest that (a) institutional care exerts divergent developmental consequences on separation anxiety versus WM, (b) WM interacts with adversity-related emotion dysregulation, and (c) WM may be a therapeutic target for separation anxiety following early caregiving adversity.

Keywords

cortisolearly caregiving adversityemotion dysregulationseparation anxietyworking memory
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Special Issue 3: Emotion Dysregulation and Emerging Psychopathology , August 2019 , pp. 989 - 997
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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