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The “New Thinking” in Soviet International Law: Soviet Doctrines and Practice in the Post-Tunkin Era

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2016

Edward McWhinney
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Canadian Yearbook of International Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international , Volume 28 , 1991 , pp. 309 - 337
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Copyright © The Canadian Council on International Law / Conseil Canadien de Droit International, representing the Board of Editors, Canadian Yearbook of International Law / Comité de Rédaction, Annuaire Canadien de Droit International 1991

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References

1 Gorbachev, , Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World (1987).Google Scholar And see Hazard, , “The Gorbachev Era in the USSR: The Best and Worst of Times,” 15 Syracuse J. Int’l L. & Comm. 1 (1988).Google Scholar

2 As to Tunkin, , see the present author’s study, “Contemporary Soviet General Theory of International Law: Reflections on the Tunkin Era,” 25 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 187 (1987).Google Scholar More generally, consult the author’s “Peaceful Coexistence” and Soviet-Western International Law (1964), and The International Law of Détente (1978). See also Quigley, 82 Am. J. Int’l L. 788 (1988).

3 Sovetskii Ezhegodnik Mezhdunarodnogo Prava, 1986 (1987).

4 Tunkin, , “Sozdanie vseobemliushchei sistemi mezhdunarodnoi bezopasnosti i mezhdunarodnoe pravo,” ibid., 11.Google Scholar

5 Miullerson, , “Stanovlenie i razvitie sotsialisticheskoi doktrini mezhdunarodnogo prava. K 80-letiu G. I. Tunkina,” ibid., 107.Google Scholar

6 Vereshchetin, and Miullerson, , “Novoe mishlenie i mezhdunarodnoe pravo,” Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo i Pravo, 1988 (no. 3), at 3.Google Scholar

7 Ibid., 4.

8 Ibid., 4–5.

9 Ibid., 5.

10 Ibid., 6.

11 Ibid., 7.

12 Ibid.

13 Ibid., 8.

14 Ibid., 9.

15 Ibid.

16 Tunkin, , in Völkerrecht und rechtsphilosophie: Internationale Festschrift für Stephan Verosta zum 70. Geburtstag, Fischer, , Köck, , Verdross, , editors, (1980) at 67, 70.Google Scholar See also Tunkin, , Pravo i stia ν mezhdunarodnoi sisteme (1983, English translation 1985), at 180 et seq., esp. at 188–89.Google Scholar

17 Falk, , The Status of Law in International Society 47–48 (1970).Google Scholar

18 Miullerson, , “Sources of International Law: New Tendencies in Soviet Thinking,” 83 Am. J. Int’l L. 494, 497–8 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19 Ibid., 495–96.

20 Kelsen, , The Communist Theory of Law 193 (1955).Google Scholar

21 Cited in Miullerson, supra note 18, at 494.

22 Ibid., and see generally McWhinney, , “Ot ‘Klassicheskogo’ meghdunarodnogo pravo sovremennom,” Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo i Pravo, 1989 (no. 6), at 77.Google Scholar

23 See the impeccably researched historical essay by Starodubtsev, “Problemi mirnikh sredstv razreshenia mezhdunarodnikh sporov ν trudakh russkikh dorevoliutsion-nikh uchenikh,” Sovetshii Ezhegodnik Mezhdunarodnogo Prava, 1987, at 260 (1988).

24 Tunkin, , Sovetskii Ezhegodnik Mezhdunarodnogo Prava, 1958, at 15 (1959);Google Scholar Tunkin, , 95 Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de la Haye 23 (1958).Google Scholar

25 Tunkin, 147 Recueil des Cours … , 1, 124 et seq. (1975); Tunkin, op. cit. supra note 16, at 67, 69–70.

26 Tunkin, , in Völkerrecht und Rechtsphilosophie 67 at 69, 73.Google Scholar

27 Miullerson, supra note 18, at 494.

28 Ibid., 502.

29 Danilenko, , Obichai ν sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave (1988).Google Scholar

30 North Sea Continental Shelf, Judgment, [1969] ICJ Rep. 3, 228–29 (Lachs, J., Dissenting Opinion).

31 Miullerson, supra note 18, at 508.

32 Ibid., 509 et seq.

33 Starodubtsev, supra note 23, at 260.

34 Miullerson, , “Reshenie mezhdunarodnogo suda po delu Nikaragua protiv SSHA i mezhdunarodnoe pravo,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik … , 1987, at 36 (1988).Google Scholar

35 Osintsev, , “Uregulirovanie spora o morskoi granitse mezhdu SSHA i Kanadoi i razvitie prava delimitatsii morskikh prostranstv,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik …, 1986, at 198 (1987).Google Scholar

36 Tumanov, , “Sudebnii kontrol za konstitutsionnostiu normativnikh aktov,” Sovets-koe Gosudarstvo i Pravo, 1988 (no. 3), at 10.Google Scholar

37 Vyshinsky, , The Law of the Soviet State (1938),Google Scholar (English translation, Babb, 1954).

38 Danilenko, , Obichai ν sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave (1988);Google Scholar and see also Danilenko, , “Protsess sozdaninla obichnikh norm v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik.…, 1982, at 151 (1983).Google Scholar

39 Lukashuk, , Istochniki mezhdunarodnogo prava (1966).Google Scholar

40 Lukashuk, , “The Principle Pacta sunt servanda and the Nature of Obligation under International Law,” 83 Am. J. Int’l L. 513 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

41 Letter from Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Secretary-General, United Nations, dated Feb. 28, 1989, published (in translation) in 83 Am. J. Int’l L. 457 (1989).

42 As to the Moscow (Brezhnev) Doctrine and the special legal justifications thereof advanced at the time by Soviet jurists, see the present author’s The International Law of Détente 116 et seq. (1978).

43 English-language translation issued by TASS (Moscow); republished in the New York Times, Dec. 5, 1989.

44 Discusseci in Nagendra Singh and McWhinney, , Nuclear Weapons and Contemporary International Law 283 et seq. (1989).Google Scholar

45 In more detail, see Vereshchetin, , “Sovetskie mirnie initsiativi i razvitie mezhdunarodnogo prava,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik…, 1987, at 12 (1988);Google Scholar Kovalev, , “Problema ‘Kollektivnikh’ prav narodov ν mezhdunarodnom prave,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik…, 1986, at 745 (1987);Google Scholar Kartashkin, , “Gumanitarnii komponent vseobemliushchei sistmi mezhdunarodnoi bezopasnosti,” Sovetskii Ezhegodnik …, 1987, at 23 (1988).Google Scholar

46 See generally, Tunkin, , Pravo i stia ν mezhdunarodnoi sisteme (1983, English translation, 1985).Google Scholar

47 This is confirmed by the very full and prompt Soviet co-operation in removing any international barriers to reuniting the two Germanies in one state.