Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-01T05:59:13.578Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

L1 and L2 picture naming in Mandarin–English bilinguals: A test of Bilingual Dual Coding Theory*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 December 2012

DEBRA JARED ,
REBECCA PEI YUN POH  and
ALLAN PAIVIO
DEBRA JARED*
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
REBECCA PEI YUN POH
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
ALLAN PAIVIO
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario
*
Address for correspondence: Debra Jared, Department of Psychology, Social Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London ON, CanadaN6A 5C2[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study examined the nature of bilinguals’ conceptual representations and the links from these representations to words in L1 and L2. Specifically, we tested an assumption of the Bilingual Dual Coding Theory that conceptual representations include image representations, and that learning two languages in separate contexts can result in differences in referential images for L1 and L2. Mandarin–English participants named aloud culturally-biased images and culturally-unbiased filler images presented on a computer screen in both Mandarin (L1) and English (L2). Culturally-biased images were named significantly faster in the culturally-congruent language than in the incongruent language. These findings indicate that some image representations are more strongly connected to one language than the other, providing support for the Bilingual Dual Coding Theory.

Keywords

bilingualismBilingual Dual Coding Theorypicture namingimagesbicultural bilinguals
Type
Research Article
Information
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , Volume 16 , Issue 2: Computational Modeling of Bilingualism , April 2013 , pp. 383 - 396
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery grant awarded to Debra Jared. It is based on an Honours B.A. thesis conducted by Rebecca Poh under the supervision of Debra Jared. The authors wish to thank Tianwei Zhang and Dae-Won Kim for assistance in testing participants, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript.

References

Ameel, E., Malt, B. C., Storms, G., & Van Assche, F. (2009). Semantic convergence in the bilingual lexicon. Journal of Memory and Language, 60, 270–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ameel, E., Storms, G., Malt, B. C., & Sloman, S. A. (2005). How bilinguals solve the naming problem. Journal of Memory and Language, 53, 60–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Athanasopoulos, P. (2011). Color and bilingual cognition. In Cook, V. & Bassetti, B. (eds.), Language and bilingual cognition, pp. 241–261. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Athanasopoulos, P. (2009). Cognitive representation of colour in bilinguals: The case of Greek blues. Bilingualism: Language, and Cognition, 12, 83–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Athanasopoulos, P., Damjanovic, L., Krajciova, A., & Sasaki, M. (2011). Representation of colour concepts in bilinguals: The case of Japanese blues. Bilingualism: Language, and Cognition, 14, 9–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barsalou, L. W. (2003). Abstraction in perceptual symbol systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 358, 1177–1187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barsalou, L. W. (2010). Grounded cognition: Past, present, and future. Topics in Cognitive Science, 2, 716–724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barsalou, L. W., Santos, A., Simmons, W. K., & Wilson, C. D. (2008). Language and simulation in conceptual procesing. In De Vega, M., Glenberg, A. M. & Graesser, A. C. A. (eds.), Symbols, embodiment, and meaning, pp. 245–283. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B., & Cook, V. (2011). Relating language and cognition: The second language user. In Cook, V. & Bassetti, B. (eds.), Language and bilingual cognition, pp. 143–190. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Brysbaert, M., & Duyck, W. (2010). Is it time to leave behind the Revised Hierarchical Model of bilingual language processing after fifteen years of service? Bilingualism: Language, and Cognition, 13, 359–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bugelski, B. R. (1977). The association of images. In Nicholas, J. M. (ed.), Images, perception and knowledge (Western Ontario Series in the Philosophy of Science), pp. 37–46. Dordrecht: Reidel.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Groot, A. M. B. (1992a). Bilingual lexical representation: A closer look at conceptual representations. In Frost, R. & Katz, L. (eds.), Orthography, phonology, morphology, and meaning, pp. 389–412. Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Groot, A. M. B. (1992b). Determinants of word translation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 824–845.Google Scholar
De Groot, A. M. B. (2011). Language and cognition in bilinguals and multilinguals. New York: Psychology Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Groot, A. M. B., & Poot, R. (1997). Word translation at three levels of proficiency in a second language: The ubiquitous involvement of conceptual memory. Language Learning, 47, 215–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, Y., Gui, S., & MacWhinney, B. (2005). Shared and separate meanings in the bilingual mental lexicon. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 8, 221–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauthier, I., & Tarr, M. J. (2002). Unraveling mechanisms for expert object recognition: Bridging brain activity and behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 431–446.Google ScholarPubMed
Graf, M., & Schneider, W. X. (2001). Structural descriptions in HIT – A problematic commitment. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 483–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamers, J. F., & Blanc, M. H. A. (2000). Bilinguality and bilingualism (2nd edn.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heredia, R. R. (2008). Mental models of bilingual memory. In Altarriba, J. A. & Heredia, R. R. (eds.), An introduction to bilingualism: Principles and processes, pp. 39–67. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Jin, Y.-S. (1990). Effects of concreteness on cross-language priming in lexical decisions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 1139–1154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolicoeur, P. (1985). The time to name disoriented natrual objects. Memory and Cognition, 13, 289–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolers, P. A. (1963). Interlingual word association. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 2, 291–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, J. F., & De Groot, A. M. B. (1997). Lexical and conceptual memory in the bilingual: Mapping form to meaning in two languages. In De Groot, A. M. B. & Kroll, J. F. (eds.), Tutorials in bilingualism: Psycholinguistic perspectives, pp. 169–199. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. F., & Stewart, E. (1994). Category interference in translation and picture naming: Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingual memory representations. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 149–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, J. F., & Tokowicz, N. (2005). Models of bilingual representation and processing: Looking back and to the future. In Kroll, J. F. & De Groot, A. M. B. (eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches, pp. 531–553. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. F., Van Hell, J. G., Tokowicz, N., & Green, D. W. (2010). The Revised Hierarchical Model: A critical review and assessment. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 373–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malt, B. C., Sloman, S. A., & Gennari, S. (2003). Universality and language specificity in object naming. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, 20–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malt, B. C., Sloman, S. A., Gennari, S., Shi, M., & Wang, Y. (1999). Knowing versus naming: Similarity and the linguistic categorization of artifacts. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 230–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, D., Le Grand, R., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 255–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNorgan, C., Reid, J., & McRae, K. (2011). Integrating knowledge within and across representational modalities. Cognition, 118, 211–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McRae, K., de Sa, V., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1997). On the nature and scope of featural representations of word meaning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, 99–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morton, J. (1979). Facilitation in word recognition: Experiments causing change in the logogen model. In Kolers, P. A., Wrolstead, M. & Bouma, H. (eds.), Processing of visible language (vol. 1), pp. 259–268. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paivio, A. (1983). The empirical case for dual coding. In Yuille, J. C. (ed.), Imagery, memory, and cognition: Essays in honor of Allan Paivio, pp. 307–332. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations: A dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Paivio, A. (1991). Mental representation in bilinguals. In Reynolds, A. G. (ed.), Bilingualism, multiculturalism, and second language learning: The McGill Conference in Honor of Wallace E. Lambert, pp. 113–126. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Paivio, A. (2007). Mind and its evolution: A Dual Coding theoretical approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Paivio, A. (2010). Dual Coding Theory and the mental lexicon. The Mental Lexicon, 5, 205–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paivio, A., Clark, J. M., & Lambert, W. E. (1988). Bilingual Dual Coding Theory and semantic repetition effects on recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 163–172.Google Scholar
Paivio, A., & Desrochers, A. (1980). A dual-coding approach to bilingual memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 388–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paivio, A., & Lambert, W. (1981). Dual coding and bilingual memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 532–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, M. (1997). The cognitive neuropsychology of bilingualism. In De Groot, A. M. B. & Kroll, J. F. (eds.), Tutorials in bilingualism: Psycholinguistic perspectives, pp. 331–354. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Pavlenko, A. (2009). Conceptual representation in the bilingual lexicon and second language vocabulary learning. In Pavlenko, A. (ed.), The bilingual mental lexicon: Interdisciplinary approaches, pp. 125–160. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavlenko, A., & Malt, B. C. (2011). Kitchen Russian: Cross-linguistic differences and first-language object naming by Russian-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14, 19–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, M. C., So, K.-F., Von Eckardt, B., & Feldman, L. B. (1984). Lexical and conceptual representation in beginning and proficient bilinguals. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 23–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime user's guide. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools. [Computer Software: E-Prime 2.0]Google Scholar
Scott, L. S. (2011). Mechanisms underlying the emergence of object representations during infancy. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 2935–2944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thierry, G., Athanasopoulos, P., Wiggett, A., Dering, B., & Kuipers, J.-R. (2009). Unconscious effects of language-specific terminology on preattentive color perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106, 4567–4570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaid, J. (1988). Bilingual memory representation: A further test of Dual Coding Theory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 42, 84–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hell, J. G., & De Groot, A. M. B. (1998). Conceptual representation in bilingual memory: Effects of concreteness and cognate status in word association. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 193–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winograd, E., Cohen, C., & Barresi, J. (1976). Memory for concrete and abstract words in bilingual speakers. Memory and Cognition, 4, 323–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, A. C., Palmeri, T. J., & Gauthier, I. (2009). Conditions for facelike expertise with objects: Becoming a Ziggerin expert – but which type? Psychological Science, 20, 1108–1117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yin, R. K. (1969). Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 141–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar