Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:06:45.096Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Biophobia breeds unparsimonious exceptionalism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2009

Steven J. C. Gaulin
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology and Center for Evolutionary Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210. [email protected]

Abstract

With respect to aggressiveness it is not enough to say that humans are “like other mammals.” We resemble only those species where males have higher maximum reproductive rates than females. In such species males evolve a set of hormonally mediated competitive traits via sexual selection. Because humans match the predictions of this general evolutionary model, attempts to (re)explain men's aggressiveness in sociological terms are superfluous and misleading.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersson, M. (1994) Sexual selection. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, D. E. (1991) Human universals. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. & Vincent, A. C. J. (1991) Sexual selection and the potential reproductive rates of males and females. Nature 351:5860.Google Scholar
Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1988) Homicide. Aldine de Gruyter.Google ScholarPubMed
Darwin, C. (1871/1901) The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. Murray. Available online at: http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/charles_darwin/descent_of_man/chapter_08.html.Google Scholar
Eagly, A. H. (1987) Sex differences in social behavior: A social role interpretation. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Folstad, I. & Karter, A. K. (1992) Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap. American Naturalist 139:603–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaulin, S. J. C. (1992) Evolution of sex differences in spatial ability. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 35:125–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lassek, W. D. & Gaulin, S. J. C. (in press) Costs and benefits of fat-free muscle mass in men: Relationship to mating success, dietary requirements, and natural immunity. Evolution and Human Behavior.Google Scholar
Leigh, S. R. (1992) Patterns of variation in the ontogeny of primate body size dimorphism. Journal of Human Evolution 23:2750.Google Scholar
Leigh, S. R. & Shea, B. T. (1995) Ontogeny and evolution of adult body size dimorphism in apes. American Journal of Primatology 36:3760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, S. L. & Wilson, K. (2002) Parasites as a viability cost of sexual selection in natural populations of mammals. Science 297:2015–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owens, I. P. F. (2002) Sex differences in mortality rates. Science 297:20082009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Promislow, D. E. L. (1992) Costs of sexual selection in natural populations of mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 247:203–10.Google Scholar
Promislow, D. E. L., Montgomerie, R. & Martin, T. E. (1992) Mortality costs of sexual dimorphism in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 250:143–50.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Sexual selection and the descent of man, ed. Campbell, B. B., pp. 136–79. Aldine.Google Scholar
Zuk, M. & McKean, K. A. (1996) Sex differences in parasite infection: Patterns and processes. International Journal for Parasitology 26:1009–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed