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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2025
From early in 1945, Okinawa's geopolitical location at the southern border of ‘Japan proper’ made it an obvious and immediate target for the Allies' invasion of the mainland of Japan. In the most intensive land attack launched against Japan by the United States, the so-called ‘typhoon of steel’ rained down on Okinawans for months as the Japanese military dug in for a war of attrition.