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North Korea Coming in from the cold?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

Gavan McCormack
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North Korea ranks high on the Bush administration's list of ‘terror states’. The January 2002 ‘Axis of Evil’ speech and the June 2002 commitment to preemptive war were stark signals from Washington to Pyongyang. The formal presidential statement of strategy presented to Congress in September 2002 referred only to two ‘rogue states’, meaning states that brutalize their own people, ignore international law, strive to acquire weapons of mass destruction, sponsor terrorism, ‘reject basic human values and hate the United States and everything for which it stands.’ These states, which constituted ‘a looming threat to all nations’, were Iraq and North Korea.

Type
Research Article
Information
Asia-Pacific Journal , Volume 1 , Issue 2 , February 2003 , e7
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2003

References

Notes

1. The Japanese government, early in December, tried to cast its acts in a different light by saying that the abductees themselves decided, by their day 10 in Japan, that they would not return to their Pyongyang homes. However, this report merely cites ‘sources’ and makes no allusion to the immense pressures placed on the Five or to the plight of the children. (‘Abductees voiced desire to stay early’, Daily Yomiuri Online, 3 December 2002 http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/newse/20021202wo42.htm)

2. Zalmay Khalilzad et al, The United States and Asia: toward a New U.S. Strategy and Force Posture’, (better known as the ‘Rand Report’), June, 2001 http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1315/), p.15.

3. Institute for National Strategic Studies, ‘The United States and Japan: Advancing toward a Mature Partnership1, Washington, National Defense University, 11 October 2000, commonly known as the ‘Armitage Report’. (http://www.ndu.edu/ndu/sr_japan.html). Recommendation 3 of the subsequent Rand Report of June 2001 reads: ‘Support efforts in Japan to revise its constitution, to expand its horizon beyond territorial defense, and to acquire capabilities for supporting coalition operations.’

4. Wada Haruki, ‘Can North Korea's Perestroika succeed?’,http://www.zmag.org, posted October 2002.

5. Yoshioka Tatsuya, ‘Higashi Ajia ni shinjitsu wakai furamu’, Gendai shiso, November 2002, pp. 8-17.

6. Kang Sangjung, Tohoku Ajia kyodo no ie o mezashite, Heibonsha, 2001.