Hostname: page-component-55f67697df-xlmdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-12T17:36:00.317Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Middle East Revolutions in Historical Perspective: Egypt, Occupied Palestine, and the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

Herbert P. Bix
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

From the early 1880s down to the end of World War II, British and French colonial rulers, among others, held the Arab peoples of the Middle East in subjugation. Weakened by the war against Hitlerism, the European imperialists retreated under pressure from the United States, which stepped in to take their place. The creation of Israel as the last “colonial-settler state” (1948) and Israel's expulsion of the indigenous population of Palestine from their land and homes framed one side of the European retreat; the failed Anglo-French invasion of Egypt, known as the Suez Canal crisis (1956), framed the other.

Type
Research Article
Information
Asia-Pacific Journal , Volume 9 , Issue 8 , February 2011 , e1
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2011

References

Notes

1 Michael Klare, Blood and oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America's Growing Petroleum Dependency (Metro politan Books, 2004), pp. 26-55; Alfred E. Eckes, Jr. and Thomas W. Zeiler, Globalization and the American Century (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003), pp. 114-5.

2 Chris McGreal, “Army and protestors disagree over Egypt's path to democracy,” posted Feb. 12, 2011, at guardian.co.uk.

3 Michael Slackman and J. David Goodman, “Unrest Grows in Bahrain as Police Kill a 2nd Protestor,” New York Times, Feb. 15, 2011.

4 Martin Chukov, “Algerian protestors clash with police as Egypt fervour spreads,” posted Feb. 12, 2011 at guardian.co.uk.

5 Hossam el-Hamalawy, “Egypt protests continue in the factories,” posted Feb. 14, 2011 at guardian.co.uk.

6 The Goldstone Report: The Legacy of the Landmark Investigation of the Gaza Conflict, with an Introduction by Naomi Klein, ed. by Adam Horowitz, Lizzy Ratner, and Philip Weiss (The Nation Books, 2011). The editors of this abridged version of the much longer report focus on the background to and the main events of the December 2008-January 2009 assault. The entire report can be found online here.

7 Gilbert Achcar interviewed by Farooq Sulehira, Socialist Project, Bulletin No 459, Feb. 7, 2011.

8 On the web: link.

9 Pepe Escobar, “‘Sheik al-Torture’ is now a democrat,” posted Feb. 9, 2011, here.

10 Anthony Shadid, “Discontented Within Egypt Face Power of Old Elites,” New York Times, Feb. 4, 2011.

11 Republic of Korea armed forces statistics are taken from Wikipedia, based on official ROK sources.

12 Mikyung Chin, “Civil Society in South Korean Democratization,” in David Arase, ed., The Challenge of Change: East Asia in the New Millennium (Institute of East Asian Studies, Univ. of California, Berkeley, 2003), p. 202.

13 Clement Moore Henry and Robert Springborg, Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East (Cambridge Univ. Press), p. 195.

14 Daniel Levy, “Israel's Options After Mubarak,” Al Jazeera, posted Feb. 13, 2011 here.