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Community and Identity in Northeast Asia: 1930s and Today

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

Gavan McCormack
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Japan's 1930s Manchukuo project concentrated the idealism, imagination, and energy of a generation of Japanese intellectuals who wanted a better world. Today, the ideal in whose name Manchukuo was founded remains to be accomplished and again compels attention: how to construct a peaceful, just, cooperative order in East Asia, especially among the three regions of China, Korea and Japan.

Type
Research Article
Information
Asia-Pacific Journal , Volume 2 , Issue 12 , December 2004 , e4
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Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2004

References

Notes

1. Yamamuro Shin'ichi, Kimera – Manshukoku no shozo, Chuko shinsho, 1993, revised and expanded edition, 2004.

2. See my essay, “Manchukuo: Constructing the Past,” East Asian History, No 2, December 1991, pp. 105-124, at p. 115.

3. Quoted in Terashima Jitsuro, “Shidosha no ishi kettei sekinin,” Sekai, December 2004, pp. 33-35, at p. 33.

4. Asahi shimbun, 17 November 2004.

5. East Asian Vision Group Report, 2001, “Towards an East Asian Community: Region of Peace, Prosperity and Progress,” http://www.mofa.co.jp/region/asia-paci/report2.pdf. See also Wada Haruki, “From a ‘Common House of Northeast Asia’ to a ‘Greater East Asian Community’,” Social Science Japan, March 2004, pp. 19-21

6. “Higashi Ajia kyodotai koso bunsho zukuri teian e,” Asahi shimbun, 26 November 2004.

7. Wada, “From a ‘Common House of Northeast Asia’,” p. 20.

8. Wada Haruki, Tohoku Ajia kyodo no ie, Tokyo, Heibonsha, 2003; Kang Sang-Jung, Tohoku Ajia kyodo no ie o mezashite, Heibonsha, 2001.

9. Ito Ken'ichi, “Kasoku suru Higashi Ajia no chiiki togo koso,” Seiron, Sankei shimbun, 15 April 2004 (English translation at http://www.sankei.co.jp/databox/e_seiron/2004/ 040415.html)

10. Gregory W. Noble, “Japanese political economy and Asian economic cooperation,” Social Science Japan, No 28, April 2004, pp. 12-15, at p. 14.

11. Shioya Takafusa, “The Grand Design for Northeast Asia,” NIRA, 2004. (http://www.nira.go.jp).

12. Wada, “From a Common House of Northeast Asia.”

13. The Japanese media reported that Koizumi in late 2004 had begged President Bush to agree to meet with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il and to declare his support for Japan's bid for a seat on the UN Security Council, meeting stony silence on the former occasion and a long lecture on the need for Japan to ease its restrictions on the import of American beef on the latter.

14. Memorandum headed “Secret,” “Copy of Penciled Notes of C-in-C handed me on Sunday 3 Feb ‘46 to be basis of draft constitution,” (initialed by Colonel Charles Kades of SCAP Government Section), Library, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. See discussion in John Dower, Embracing defeat – Japan in the Wake of World War 11, New York, W.W. Norton, 1999, pp. 360ff.

15. Kato Tetsuro, “1942 nen rokugatsu Beikoku ‘Nihon puran’ to shocho tennosei,” Sekai, December 2004, pp. 132-143. (The basic “Japan Plan” document of 1942 that Kato discusses is reproduced on the web at: http://homepage3.nifty.com/JapanPlan.html)

16. Fujitani Tadashi, “Shin shiryo hakken – Raishawa moto Beikoku taishi no kairai tennosei koso,” Sekai, March 2000, pp. (subsequent English version in “The Reischauer Memo: Mr. Moto, Hirohito, and Japanese American Soldiers,” Critical Asian Studies, vol 33, 3, 2001)

17. For recent thoughts in this vein, Sonia Ryang, “Crysanthemum's Strange Life: Ruth Benedict in Postwar Japan,” Asian Anthropology, Vol. 1, 2002, and Japan and National Anthropology: A Critique, London, RoutledgeCurzon/Asian Studies Association of Australia East Asia Series, 2004.

18. Zalmay Khalilzad et al, The United States and Asia: toward a New U.S. Strategy and Force Posture,” (the “Rand Report”), June, 2001 http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1315/), p. 15.

19. Institute for National Strategic Studies, “The United States and Japan: Advancing toward a Mature Partnership,” Washington, National Defense University, 11 October 2000, commonly known as the “Armitage Report.” (http://www.ndu.edu/ndu/sr_japan.html). Subsequently, Recommendation 3 of the Rand Report of June 2001 reads: “Support efforts in Japan to revise its constitution, to expand its horizon beyond territorial defense, and to acquire capabilities for supporting coalition operations.” (Khalilzad et al, cit). Armitage and others were explicit on this point throughout 2004.

20. Yoichi Nishimura, “Armitage expects ‘generous’ Japanese assistance to rebuild Iraq,” Asahi shimbun, 26 September 2003.

21. Interview, Asahi shimbun, 21 September 2004.

22. Gavan McCormack, “New tunes for an old song: Nationalism and identity in post-Cold War Japan,” Roy Starrs, ed, Nations under Siege: Globalization and Nationalism in Asia, Palgrave 2002, pp. 137-168.

23. Glenn Hook and Gavan McCormack, Japan's Contested Constitution, London, Routledge, 2001.

24. Gavan McCormack, ‘The Japanese Movement to “Correct” History’, in Laura Hein and Mark Selden, eds, Censoring History: Citizenship and Memory in Japan, Germany and the United States, New York, M.E. Sharpe, 2000, pp. 55-73.

25. See Gavan McCormack, “Introduction” to Second Revised edition, The Emptiness of Japanese Affluence, New York, ME Sharpe, 2001. Also Ishida Hidenari, Ukai Satoshi, Komori Yoichi, Takahashi Tetsuya, “21 seiki no manifesuto – datsu ‘parasaito nashonarizumu’,” Sekai, August 2000, pp. 189-208.