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Apology Laid Bare: Colonialism, War and Japanese Historical Memory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

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With anniversary commemorations for March 11, 2011's terrible tragedies overshadowing all else in Japan this spring — including momentous decisions about U.S.-Japan relations pivoting on a new base in Okinawa — it is notable that historical memory controversies have reemerged to sour Japanese relations with both China and Korea. Although Japan's immediate challenges would seem to make good neighborly ties more important than ever before, some Japanese politicians persist in milking time-honored retrograde strategies for all they are worth: denying the Nanjing massacre and denigrating the experience of the comfort women. The ghosts in the memory closet of Japanese colonialism and war will not be laid to rest.

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Research Article
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Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2012

Footnotes

Between 2012 and 2014 we posted a number of articles on contemporary affairs without giving them volume and issue numbers or dates. Often the date can be determined from internal evidence in the article, but sometimes not. We have decided retrospectively to list all of them as Volume 10, Issue 54 with a date of 2012 with the understanding that all were published between 2012 and 2014.' As footnote

References

1 See this link.

2 See Gavan McCormack, “Small Islands - Big Problem: Senkaku/Diaoyu and the Weight of History and Geography in China-Japan Relations”

3 See here.

4 On March 5, Mayor Kawamura told reporters that his statement was “essentially the same as the government's party line.” See this link.

5 See this link.

6 See this link.

7 C. Sarah Soh's analysis of the comfort women's ordeal throughout the post-1945 era is unparalleled: The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2008); for discussion of the Japanese semi-official effort at compensation — the now disbanded Asian Women's Fund — see Wada Haruki, “The Comfort Women, The Asian Women's Fund, and the Digital Museum”

8 See this link.

9 See this link

10 See Ruediger Frank, “North Korea After Kim Jong Il: The Kim Jong Un Era and its Challenges”

11 Alexis Dudden, “South Korea's Leader Tries to Turn His Back on History,” January 2008

12 For historical discussion of recent excitement over the islands in disputes, see Mark Selden, “Small Islets, Enduring Conflict: Dokdo, Korea-Japan Colonial Legacy and the United States”

13 A 2011 public opinion poll conducted by Seoul's Asan Institute for Policy Studies discovered that Koreans overwhelmingly regard the island clash with Japan as the “biggest obstacle to the development of Korean-Japanese relations” averaging just above 60% across the spectrum regardless of age and political preferences, with the textbooks coming in second at roughly 30% and the comfort women just under 10%.“ The Asan Institute for Policy Studies Annual Opinion Survey, 2011.

14 See Christine Ahn here.

15 See this and this.