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Colen Campbell as Architect to the Prince of Wales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2016

T. P. Connor
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Extract

Previous studies of the arrival and diffusion of Palladianism in England have usually concentrated either on influential architects or on the principal building types. Enquiries have centred on the work of Lord Burlington and Colen Campbell, while Sir John Summerson’s Cantor Lectures of 1959 marked out the formal development of the classical country house, and its relation to the villa. The reception of the new style by groups of patrons has seldom seemed a rewarding approach, largely because few groups can be identified with sufficient precision to make them significant.

Type
Research Article
Information
Architectural History , Volume 22 , 1979 , pp. 64 - 71
Copyright
Copyright © Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain 1979

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References

Notes

1 Summerson, J., ‘The Classical Country House in Eighteenth Century England’, Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, July 1959, pp. 539-80Google Scholar, esp. part in.

2 Beattie, J., The English Court in the Reign of George I (1967), pp. 229-30, 268-78Google Scholar.

3 Survey of London, XXXIV, St Anne’s, Soho, ii, pp. 446-47.

4 For lists of office holders see Chamberlayne, J., Magnae Britanniae Notitia (1723), pp. 561-68Google Scholar.

5 Thomson, G. Scott, Letters of a Grandmother (1943), p. 78 Google Scholar; The Correspondence of Henrietta Howard, ed. Croker, J. (1824), ii, pp. 34–35 Google Scholar.

6 Prince of Wales’s Warrant Book: British Library, Add. MS 24, 387, f. 76; Dubois appears to have supervised alterations at Leicester House in 1718-19: Survey of London, as above.

7 Apart from the works and unexecuted projects discussed below, the Prince’s Secretary, Samuel Molineux, M.P., took an active part in the negotiations for the Westminster Bridge project of 1721, for which Campbell made a design.

8 Earls of Albemarle and Essex; Lords Herbert, Stanhope and (Wm.) Manners; Grooms: John Campbell, John Montgomerie, Charles Cathcart, Charles Churchill, John Selwyn.

9 See Chatsworth MSS 153.0: Fountaine to Burlington, 31 August 1719, ‘your speedy return (from Italy) seems to be the only affair that our Court concerns itself about’.

10 For Fountaine’s own architectural designs, see Vitruvius Britannicus, III (1725), pl. 95.

11 Lord Hervey’s ‘Memoirs of the Reign of George II’, ed. Sedgwick, R. (1952), pp. 72, 163Google Scholar.

12 See above, n. 3.

13 Harris, J., Catalogue of the RIBA Drawings Collection: Colen Campbell (1973), 3, vi and viiGoogle Scholar, there associated with the Goodwood designs, Figs. 10, 12.

14 Vitruvius Britannicus III (1725), p. 11.

15 Colvin, H. M., The History of the King’s Works, V (1976), 221 Google Scholar.

16 For the drawing, now attributed to Jones, see Whinney, M., ‘An Unknown Design for a Villa by Inigo Jones’ in The Country Seat, ed. Colvin, and Harris, (1970), pp. 33–35 Google Scholar.

17 Gibbs, J., Book of Architecture (1728), pl. 55 Google Scholar.

18 Lord Herbert had leased the site as early as 1717: Survey of London, XIII, 167.

19 M. Draper and W. Eden, Marble Hill,House and its Owners (1970).

20 For Goodwood see n. 27 below, for Leicester House: Survey of London, XXXIV, 447.

21 Wilton House MSS; Account Book, 31 March 1731: ‘Rec’d of Lord Herbert Fifty Pounds on account towards Building Outhouses at his house in Privy Garden by me Roger Morris’. See Ralph, J., Critical Review of the Buildings of London and Westminster (1734), p. 45 Google Scholar.

22 Vitruvius Britanniens, III (1725), pl. 93.

23 Vitruvius Britannicus, IV (1757), pls. 1-4; Colvin, H. M., History of the King’s Works, V (1976), 230 Google Scholar.

24 Eden, W., ‘South Dalton, Yorkshire’ in The Country Seat, ed. Colvin, and Harris, (1970), pp. 117-20Google Scholar.

25 Stirling, A., The Hothams (1918), 1, 142–238 Google Scholar.

26 Illustrated in Pevsner, N., Yorkshire, East Riding (The Buildings of England Series, 1972), pl. 77 Google Scholar. In view of Hotham’s contacts with court circles, Morris would seem to be its most probable designer.

27 Connor, T. P., ‘Architecture and Planting at Goodwood, 1723-50: The Activities of the Second Duke of Richmond’, Sussex Archaeological Collections, CXVIII Google Scholar (forthcoming).

28 West Sussex Record Office, Goodwood MSS G. 104: P. de Carné’s letters, 22 August 1724.

29 Ibid., Goodwood MSS G. 103, f. 200; ‘An estimate for . . . rebuilding Goodwood ... by Colen Campbell’.

30 RIBA Drawings Catalogue: Colen Campbell (1973), 6. John Harris has identified the reference to ‘Justice C’ as referring to Cowper only after he was created Justice of the Common Pleas.

31 Before his promotion, Cowper had pleaded poverty to excuse his failure to present his daughters to the Princess. (Hertfordshire Record Office, Panshanger MSS D/E. P 233, p. 206.)

32 Country Life, XL (1916), 300.

33 RIBA Drawings Catalogue: Colen Campbell (1973), 1, i—xii.

34 Correspondence of Henrietta Howard, ed. Croker, (1824), 1, 174-75Google Scholar.

35 Newman, J., West Kent and the Weald (The Buildings of England Series, 1969), p. 532 Google Scholar. The date is given on Carter’s sketch of the interior, B.L. Add. MS 29,941, f. 56.

36 Colvin, H. M., A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects (1978), p. 561 Google Scholar.

37 For Westcombe, The Travels in England of Bishop Pococke, ed. Cartwright, J. (Camden Society, 1888), ii, p. 68 Google Scholar; Hasted, E., Hundred of Blackheath, 1886, ed., p. 53 Google Scholar. Evidence for the date of Lord Herbert’s alterations to this house is provided in Greenwich-Park: Humbly Inscrib’d to . ., the Duke of Montagu (1728):

‘Who from the sight of Herbert’s house can fly
Or not on such a Building fix his eye
With great Improvements here we see reviv’d
The glorious Art which Ancients first contriv’d . . .’

See also Scott Thomson, op. cit., pp. 21-22.

38 The tedium is described by a Lady in Waiting in Hervey, S. A. H., Letter Books of John, first Earl of Bristol (1894), iii, p. 41 Google Scholar.

39 Beattie, op. cit., pp. 53-54.

40 For Prince Frederick’s courtiers and the Rococo, see Girouard, M., Country Life, CXXXIX (1966), 56–61, 188-90, 224-27Google Scholar.