Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T10:44:05.523Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Multilingualism in Southern Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2009

Bonny Norton Peirce  and
Stanley G.M. Ridge
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In his keynote address to the 1994 conference of the Southern African Association of Applied Linguistics, Adegbija (1994a) identified three problems faced by applied linguists in the African multilingual context. First, apart from the vibrant work in South Africa, there is very little focus on applied linguistic research in Africa, and what there is tends to focus on the ex-colonial languages rather than the indigenous languages. Second, applied linguists in African countries other than South Africa tend to have very limited research facilities. In some cases, teachers struggle to acquire the most basic resources such as typewriters and stationery. Third, political, social, and economic instability in many parts of Africa seriously undermines the work of applied linguists: A program of work begun in one political era can be summarily cut off in another.

Type
Country and Regional Surveys
Information
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics , Volume 17 , March 1997 , pp. 170 - 190
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

UNANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adegbija, E. 1994a. Applied linguistics: The needs of Africa. In Weideman, A. J. (ed.) Redefining applied linguistics. Stellenbosch: SAALA. 1–24; [Proceedings of the 14th Annual conference of the Southern African Applied Linguistics Association.]Google Scholar
Adendorff, R. 1993. Teacher education: Code-switching amongst Zulu-speaking pupils and their teachers. Southern African Journal of Applied Language Studies. 2.1.3–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adendorff, R. 1995. Fanakalo in South Africa. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 176–192.Google Scholar
Akinnaso, F. N. 1991. Toward the development of a multilingual language policy in Nigeria. Applied Linguistics. 12.29–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, N. 1989. Language policy and national unity in South Africa/Azania. Cape Town: Buchu Books.Google Scholar
Allen, K. 1994. English education in Zimbabwe: Testing communicative competence. In Hill, C. and Parry, K. (eds.) From testing to assessment: English as an international language. London: Longman. 149–173.Google Scholar
Arthur, J. 1994. Talking like teachers: Teacher and pupil discourse in Botswana primary classrooms. Language, Culture, and Curriculum. 7.29–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baai, Z. N. 1992. Towards a more communicative approach to the teaching of African languages, particularly Xhosa, as second languages. Southern African Journal of Applied Language Studies. 1.1.60–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkhuizen, G. 1993. Crowding and lack of space in an English multilingual setting: An interactional analysis. Southern African Journal of Applied Language Studies. 2.2.20–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkhuizen, G. and Gough, D.. 1996. Language curriculum development in South Africa: What place for English? TESOL Quarterly. 30.453–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, J. 1994. Language and the struggle for racial equality in the development of a non-racial South Africa. In Fardon, R. and Furniss, G. (eds.) African languages, development and the state. London: Routledge. 97–110.Google Scholar
Bhola, H. 1992. Literacy in Southern Africa. In Grabe, W., et al. (eds.) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 12. Literacy. New York: Cambridge University Press. 243–259.Google Scholar
Carey, S. 1993. Bilingual education/language planning: Transitional and immersion programs and their implications for a post-apartheid South Africa. Southern African Journal of Applied Language Studies. 2.1.27–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chick, K. 1995. Exploring the relationship between agency and social structure: An ethnographic investigation of a desegregating institution. In Herbert, R. (ed.) Language and society in Africa: The theory and practice of sociolinguistics: Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press. 215–231.Google Scholar
Chishimba, M. 1991. Southern Africa. In Cheshire, J. (ed.) English around the world: Sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 435–445.Google Scholar
Clifford, M. and Kerfoot, C.. 1992. English: Language of hope or broken dream? In Hutton, B. (ed.) Adult basic education in South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. 9–47.Google Scholar
Cluver, A. D. 1992. Language planning in Namibia: The selection of an official language. In Herbert, R. (ed.) Language and society in Africa: The theory and practice of sociolinguistics. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press. 115–141.Google Scholar
Cluver, A. D. 1996. A selected bibliography on the sociology of language with emphasis on sources on language planning in Africa. Pretoria: University of South Africa.Google Scholar
Colombo, J. R. 1996. The 1996 Canadian Global Almanac. Toronto: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Desai, Z. 1994. Praat or speak but don't theta: On language rights in South Africa. Language and Education. 8.1.9–29.Google Scholar
Dowling, T. and Maseko, P.. 1995. African language teaching at universities. In Heugh, K., Siegruhn, A. and Plüddemann, P. (eds.) Multilingual education for South Africa. Johannesburg: Heinemann. 100–106.Google Scholar
Emenyonu, E. N. 1989. National language policy in Nigeria: Implications for English teaching. In Kennedy, C. (ed.) Language planning and English language teaching. New York: Prentice Hall. 82–91.Google Scholar
Finlayson, R. 1995. Women's language of respect: Isihlonipho sabafazi. In R.Mesthrie (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 51–67.Google Scholar
French, E. 1992. Adult literacy in South Africa: Past to present. In Hutton, B. (ed.) Adult basic education in South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. 9–47.Google Scholar
Gardiner, M. 1987. Liberating language: People's English for the future. In People's education: A collection of articles. Bellville: University of the Western Cape, South Africa. 56–62.Google Scholar
Gough, D. 1994. Myths of multilingualism: Demography and democracy. Bua! 9.3.9–11.Google Scholar
Haacke, W. 1994. Language policy and planning in independent Namibia. In Grabe, W., et al. (eds.) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 14. Language policy and planning. New York: Cambridge University Press. 240–253.Google Scholar
Harlech-Jones, B. 1990. “You taught me language”: The implementation of English as a medium of instruction in Namibia. Cape Town: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Hartshorne, K. 1995. Language policy in African education: A background to the future. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 306–318.Google Scholar
Heugh, K. 1995. Disabling and enabling: Implications of language policy trends in South Africa. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 329–350.Google Scholar
Hutton, B. (ed.) 1992. Adult basic education in South Africa: Literacy, English as a second language, and numeracy. Cape Town: Oxford.Google Scholar
Janks, H. 1990. Contested terrain: English education in South Africa, 1948–1987. In Goodson, I. and Medway, P. (eds.) Bringing English to order: The history and politics of a school subject. Lewes: Falmer Press.Google Scholar
Janks, H. 1991. A critical approach to the teaching of language. Educational Review. 23.2.191–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamwangamalu, A. M. 1995. The colonial legacy and language planning in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of Zaire. South African Journal of Linguistics Supplement. 20.73–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamwangamalu, A. M. and Chisanga, T.. 1996. English in Swaziland: Form and function. In de Klerk, V. (ed.) Varieties of English around the world: Focus on South Africa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 211–230.Google Scholar
Kaschula, R. H. and Anthonissen, C.. 1995. Communicating across cultures in South Africa: Toward a critical language awareness. Johannesburg: Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Kashina, K. 1994. The dilemma of standard English in Zambia: Pedagogical, educational, and socioculturel considerations. Language, Culture and Curriculum. 7.17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katupha, J. M. M. 1994. The language situation and language use in Mozambique. In Fardon, R. and Furniss, G. (eds.) African languages, development and the state. London: Routledge. 90–96.Google Scholar
Kerfoot, C. 1993. Participatory education in a South African context: Contradictions and challenges. TESOL Quarterly. 27.431–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kieswetter, A. 1995. Code switching amongst African high school pupils. Johannesburg: Department of African Languages, University of the Witwatersrand. [Occasional papers in African linguistics, No 1.]Google Scholar
Kunene, E. C. L. and Mulder, J. G.. 1992. Linguistic considerations of some cultural attitudes in Siswati. In Herbert, R. (ed.) Language and society in Africa: The theory and practice of sociolinguistics. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press. 335–334.Google Scholar
LANGTAG (Language Plan Task Group). 1996. Conference discussion document. Pretoria: State Language Services.Google Scholar
Lanham, L. W. 1996. A history of English in South Africa. In de Klerk, V. (ed.) Varieties of English around the world: Focus on South Africa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 19–34.Google Scholar
Luckett, K. 1993. “National additive bilingualism”: Towards the formulation of a language plan for South African schools. Southern African Journal of Applied Language Studies. 2.1.38–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyster, E. 1992. An overview of the debates. In Hutton, B. (ed.) Adult basic education in South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. 9–47.Google Scholar
Maake, N. P. 1994. Dismantling the Tower of Babel: In search of a new language policy in post-apartheid South Africa. In Fardon, R. and Furniss, G. (eds.) African languages, development and the state. London: Routledge. 111–121.Google Scholar
Macdonald, C. A. 1990. Consolidated main report of the Threshold Project. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council.Google Scholar
Makoni, S. 1993. The futility of being held captive by language policy issues in South African Applied Linguistics. Per Linguam. 9.2.12–21Google Scholar
Makoni, s. 1995. Some of the metaphors about language in language planning discourses in South Africa: Boundaries, frontiers and commodification. Per Linguam. 11.1.25–34Google Scholar
McCormick, K. 1995. Code-switching, code-mixing and convergence in Cape Town. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 193–208.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, R. 1995a. Language change, survival, decline: Indian languages in South Africa. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 51–67.Google Scholar
Morrison, A. 1994. Study arts: From critical communication skills to subject specific study in a Faculty of Arts. Language, Culture and Curriculum. 7.55–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Msimang, C. T. 1994. Language attitudes and the harmonisation of Nguni and Sotho. South African Journal of Linguistics: Supplement. 20.147–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Msimang, C. T. 1995. Language dispensation and its implications in the new provinces of South Africa. South African Journal of Linguistics: Supplement 26.117–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, S. and H. van der Mescht. 1996. Preparing student teachers to teach English in first and second language. In de Klerk, V. (ed.) Varieties of English around the world: Focus on South Africa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 211–230.Google Scholar
Mutasa, D. E. 1993. Some aspects of language contact in Zimbabwe: A preliminary survey. Pretoria: University of South Africa. MA thesis.Google Scholar
Mutasa, D. E. 1995. The language situation in Zimbabwe with special reference to the sociological, orthographic and linguistic problems of minority language groups. South African Journal of Linguistics. 13.2.87–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mvula, A. T. 1992. Language policies in Africa: The case for Chichewa in Malawi. In Herbert, R. (ed.) Language and society in Africa: The theory and practice of sociolinguistics. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press. 37–47.Google Scholar
Ndebele, N. S. 1987. The English language and social change in South Africa. The English Academy Review. 4.1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NEPI (National Education Policy Investigation). 1992. Language: Report of the NEPI language research group. Cape Town: Oxford University Press/NEPI.Google Scholar
Ntshangase, D. K. 1996. Indaba yami i-straight: Language and social practices in Soweto. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 291–297.Google Scholar
Nuttall, C. and Langhan, D.. In press. The Molteno Project: A case study of immersion for English-medium instruction in South Africa. In Johnson, R. K. and Swain, M. (eds.) Immersion education: International perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nxumalo, T and Cioran, S.. 1997. Sanibona bangane! Learning to talk about yourself in Zulu. Cape Town: Juta. [Intermediate level.]Google Scholar
Pandor, N. 1995. Constitutionally enshrined multilingualism: Problems, possibilities, practicalities. In Southern African Applied Linguistics Association (ed.) Constitutionally enshrined multilingualism: Challenges and responses. Stellenbosch: SAALA. 57–74. [Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Southern African Applied Linguistics Association, Stellenbosch, July 1995.]Google Scholar
Peirce, B. N. 1989. Toward a pedagogy of possibility in the teaching of English internationally: People's English in South Africa. TESOL Quarterly. 23.401–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peirce, B. N. and Stein, P.. 1995. Why the “monkeys passage” bombed: Tests, genres and teaching. Harvard Educational Review. 6.50–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peires, M.-L. 1994. Code-switching as an aid to L2 learning. Southern African Journal of Applied Language Studies. 3.1.14–22.Google Scholar
Reagan, T. G. 1995. Language planning and language policy in South Africa: A perspective on the future. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 319–328.Google Scholar
Ribeiro, F. 1996. A vertente moçambicana da lingua portuguesa: português de Moçambique ou português em Moçambique [The Mozambican trend of the Portuguese language: Portuguese of Mozambique or Portuguese in Mozambique.] In Galano, A. M., et al. (eds.) Lingua mar: criações e confrontes em português. Rio de Janeiro: Funarte. 41–46.Google Scholar
Ridge, E. 1994. Communicative language teaching: Some of the challenges for teacher trainers in South Africa. Per Linguam. 10.1.1–10.Google Scholar
Ridge, S. G. M. 1995. Language teaching for the New South Africa. Per Linguam. 11.1.53–60.Google Scholar
Ridge, S. G. M. 1996. Language policy in a democratic South Africa. In Herriman, M. and Burnaby, B. (eds.) Language policy in English-dominant countries: Six case studies. Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters. 15–34. [Language and Education Library No. 10.]Google Scholar
Roberge, P. T. 1995. The formation of Afrikaans. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 68–88.Google Scholar
Rubagumya, C. M. (ed.) 1990. Language in education in Africa. Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Sachs, A. 1994. Language rights in the new South African Constitution. The English Academy Review. 11.105–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuel, J. 1995. Multilingualism in the emerging educational dispensation. In Southern African Applied Linguistics Association (ed.) Constitutionally enshrined multilingualism: Challenges and responses. Stellenbosch: SAALA. [Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Southern African Applied Linguistics Association, Stellenbosch, July 1995.]Google Scholar
Schlebusch, A. 1994. nd-I-NGUBANI?: Language, identity and non-racial schooling. Bua! 9.3.18–21.Google Scholar
Schmied, J. 1996. English in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi. In de Klerk, V. (ed.) Varieties of English around the world: Focus on South Africa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 211–230.Google Scholar
Schuring, G. K. 1991. Language policies in Africa and their relevance to a future South Africa. In van Vuuren, D., Wiehahn, N. E., Rhoodie, N. J. and Wiechers, M. (eds.) South Africa in the nineties. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council. 617–647.Google Scholar
Sebakwane, S., Lolwane, P., Ngqukayi, N. and Mkhize, H.. 1993. The politics of exclusion and inclusion in South African English-speaking universities: Problematising the transformation process. Paper presented at the Kenton conference on Education. Natal, 1993.Google Scholar
Siatchitema, A. K. 1991. The social significance of language use and language choice in a Zambian urban setting: An empirical study of three neighbourhoods in Lusaka. In Cheshire, J. (ed.) English around the world: Sociolinguistic perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 474–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spolsky, B. 1995. Conditions for language revitalisation: A comparison of the cases of Hebrew and Maori. Paper presented at the ESRC Seminar Series. Aston University, Birmingham, UK, 1995.Google Scholar
Starfield, S. 1994. Multicultural classrooms in higher education. English Quarterly. 26.3.16–21.Google Scholar
Swilla, I. N. 1992. The relation of local and foreign languages to national needs in Africa. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 13.505–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traili, T. 1995. The Khoesan languages of South Africa. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.) Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Philip. 51–67.Google Scholar
Van Binsbergen, W. 1994. Minority language, ethnicity, and the state in two African situations: The Nkoya of Zambia and the Kalanga of Botswana. In Fardon, R. and Furniss, G. (eds.) African languages, development and the state. London: Routledge. 142–190.Google Scholar
Volbrecht, T. 1993. Possibilities for multilingualism at South African universities: Work in progress at the University of the Western Cape. Paper presented at the 12th Annual Conference of the South African Applied Linguistics Association. Port Elizabeth, University of Port Elizabeth, 1993.Google Scholar
Walters, P. 1996. Issues in English language teaching in primary schools. In de Klerk, V. (ed.) Varieties of English around the world: Focus on South Africa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 211–230.Google Scholar
Webb, V. (ed.) 1992. Afrikaans na apartheid. [Afrikaans after apartheid.] Pretoria: Van Schaik.Google Scholar
Webb, V. 1994. Language policy and planning in South Africa. In Grabe, W., et al. (eds.) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 14. Language policy and planning. New York: Cambridge University Press. 254–273.Google Scholar
Yeld, N. and Haeck, W.. 1993. Educational histories and academic potential: Can tests deliver? In Angelil-Carter, S. (ed.) Language in academic development at U.C.T. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Young, D. 1995. Preparing teacher trainees to teach in multilingual classrooms. In Heugh, K., Siegruhn, A. and Plüddemann, P. (eds.) Multilingual education for South Africa. Johannesburg: Heinemann. 107–112.Google Scholar