Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T05:50:39.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in Contentious Politics

Sixty Years of Visible Protest in the Disability Struggle for Equality, Justice, and Inclusion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2024

David Pettinicchio
David Pettinicchio
Affiliation:
University of Toronto

Summary

Visible protests reflect both continuity and change. This Element illustrates how protest around longstanding issues and grievances is punctuated by movement dynamics as well as broader cultural and institutional environments. The disability movement is an example of how activist networks and groups strategically adapt to opportunity and threat, linking protest waves to the development of issue politics. The Element examines sixty years of protest across numerous issue areas that matter for disability including social welfare, discrimination, transportation, healthcare, and media portrayals. Situating visible protest in this way provides a more nuanced picture of cycles of contention as they relate to political and organizational processes, strategies and tactics, and short-and-long-term outcomes. It also provides clues about why protest ebbs and flows, when and how protest matters, who it matters for, and for what.
Get access

Keywords

social movementssocial changeprotest outcomesdisruptiondisability rights
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in Contentious Politics
Online ISBN: 9781009497893
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 11 April 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abeson, A., and Zettel, J. (1977). “The End of Quiet Revolution: The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.” Exceptional Children, 44(2), 114–128.Google ScholarPubMed
Abramovitz, M. (2004). “Saving Capitalism from Itself: Whither the Welfare State?.” New England Journal of Public Policy, 20 (1), Article 6.Google Scholar
Almeida, P. (2019). Social Movements: The Structure of Collective Mobilization. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Amenta, E., Andrews, K. T., and Caren, K. (2019). “The Political Institutions, Processes, and Outcomes Movements Seek to Influence.” In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., Kriesi, H., and McCammon, H. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Andrews, K. T., Caren, N., and Browne, A. (2018). “Protesting Trump.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 23(4), 393–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avila-Saavedra, G. (2009). “Nothing Queer about Queer Television: Televised Construction of Gay Masculinities.” Media, Culture, & Society, 31(1), 5–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnartt, S. (2010). “The Globalization of Disability Protests, 1970–2005: Pushing the Limits of Cross- Cultural Research?.” Comparative Sociology, 9(2), 222–240.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, F. R., and Jones, B. D. (1993). Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bereni, L. (2021) “The Women’s Cause in a Field: Rethinking the Architecture of Collective Protest in the Era of Movement Institutionalization.” Social Movement Studies, 20(2), 208–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, M., and Erica, C. (2018). “Who Made the Women’s March?” In Meyer, D. S., and Tarrow, S. (Eds.), The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement (pp. 75–88). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bosi, L. (2016). “Incorporation and Democratization: The Long-term Process of Institutionalization of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement.” In Bosi, L., Giugni, M., and Uba, K. (Eds.), The Consequences of Social Movements (pp. 338–360). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, A. L. (2003). How Policies Make Citizens: Senior Political Activism and the American Welfare State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, A., Block, P., and Scotch, R. (2020). Allies and Obstacles. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Christiansen, J. B., and Barnartt, S. (1988). Deaf President Now! The 1988 Revolution at Gallaudet University. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.Google Scholar
Corcoran, K. E., Pettinicchio, D., and Young, J. T. N. (2011). “The Context of Control: A Cross‐national Investigation of the Link between Political Institutions, Efficacy, and Collective Action.” British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(4), 575–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coy, P. G., and Tim, H. (2005). “A Stage Model of Social Movement Co-optation: Community Mediation in the United States.” Sociological Quarterly, 46(3), 405–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Porta, D. (2011).“Eventful Protest, Global Conflicts: Social Mechanisms in the Reproduction of Protest.” In Jasper, J. and Goodwin, J. (Eds.), Contention in Context: Political Opportunities and the Emergence of Protest (pp. 256–276). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Della Porta, D. (2022). “Progressive Social Movements and the Creation of European Public Spheres.” Theory, Culture, & Society, 39(4), 51–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Porta, D., and Alcie, M. (2014). Spreading Protest: Social Movements in Times of Crisis. Colchester: ECPR Press, Studies in European Political Science Series.Google Scholar
Della Porta, D., and Parks, L. (2014). “Framing Processes in the Climate Movement: From Climate Change to Climate Justice.” In Dietz, M. and Garrelts, H. (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of the Climate Change Movement (pp.19-30). London: Routledge Press.Google Scholar
Demirel-Pegg, T. (2017). “The Dynamics of the Demobilization of the Protest Campaign in Assam.” International Interactions, 43(2), 175–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimond, P. R. (1973). “The Constitutional Right to Education: The Quiet Revolution.” Hastings Law Journal, 24, 1087–1127.Google Scholar
Earl, J. (2013). “Spreading the Word or Shaping the Conversation: ‘Prosumption’ in Protest Websites.” Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change, 36, 3–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Earl, J., Copeland, L., and Bimber, B. (2017). “Routing around Organizations: Self-directed Political Consumption.” Mobilization, 22(2), 131–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Earl, J., Soule, S. A., and McCarthy, J. D. (2003). “Protest under Fire? Explaining the Policing of Protest.” American Sociological Review, 68(4), 581–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, T., Earl, J., Maher, T. V., and Reynolds-Stenson, H. (2022). “Softer Policing or the Institutionalization of Protest? Decomposing Changes in Observed Protest Policing over Time.” American Journal of Sociology, 127(4), 1311–1365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, P. B., Sewell, W. H. Jr. (2013). “ Neoliberalism: Policy Regimes, International Regimes, and Social Effects.” In Halland, P. A. and Lamont, M. (Eds.), Social Resilience in the Neoliberal Era (pp. 35–68). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, D., and Nasrin, S. (2021). “Shifting Coalitions within the Youth Climate Movement in the US.” Politics and Governance, 9(2), 112–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, D. R., Jasny, L., and Dow, D. M. (2018). “Why Are We Here? Patterns of Intersectional Motivations across the Resistance.” Mobilization, 23(4), 45–68.Google Scholar
Fisher, D., Dow, D. M., and Ray, R. (2017). “Intersectionality Takes It to the Streets: Mobilizing across Diverse Interests for the Women’s March.” Science Advances, 3, 9. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao139.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606706/pdf/aao1390.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fligstein, N., and McAdam, D. (2012). A Theory of Fields. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, J., and Pettinicchio, D. (2022). “A Model Who Looks Like Me: Communicating and Consuming Representations of Disability.” Journal of Consumer Culture, 22(3), 579–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, C. (2019). “Ableism, Racism, and Subminimum Wage in the United States.” Disability Studies Quarterly, 39(4), 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamson, W. A. (1975). The Strategy of Social Protest. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Press.Google Scholar
Gamson, W. A. (2004). “Bystanders, Public Opinion, and the Media.” In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A. and Kriesi, H. (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 242–261). Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Garland-Thomson, R. (2002). “Integrating Disability, Transforming Feminist Theory.” NWSA Journal, 14(3), 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillan, K. (2020). “Temporality in Social Movement Theory: Vectors and Events in the Neoliberal Timescape.” Social Movement Studies, 19(5–6), 516–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstone, J. A. (1980). “The Weakness of Organization: A New Look at Gamson’s”: The Strategy of Social Protest. American Journal of Sociology, 85, 1917–1942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, E. W., Agnone, J., and McCarthy, J. D. (2010). “Movement Organization, Synergistic Tactics and Environmental Public Policy.” Social Forces, 88(5), 2267–2292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzmann, R. A. (1986). Institutional Disability: The Saga of Transportation Policy for the Disabled. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Ketchley, N., and El-Rayyes, T. (2021). “Unpopular Protest: Mass Mobilization and Attitudes to Democracy in Post-Mubarak Egypt.” The Journal of Politics, 83(1), 291–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, B. G., Bentele, K. G., and Soule, S. A. (2007). “Protest and Policymaking: Explaining Fluctuation in Congressional Attention to Rights Issues, 1960–1986.” Social Forces, 86(1), 137–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koopmans, R. (2004). “Protest in Time and Space: The Evolution of Waves of Contention.” In Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., and Kriesi, H. (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (pp. 19–46). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lewin, P. (2019). “‘I Just Keep My Mouth Shut’: The Demobilization of Environmental Protest in Central Appalachia.” Social Currents, 6(6), 534–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longmore, P. K. (2015). Telethons: Spectacle, Disability, and the Business of Charity. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maher, T. V., Martin, A., McCarthy, J. D., and Moorhead, L. (2019). “Assessing the Explanatory Power of Social Movement Theories across the Life Course of the Civil Rights Movement.” Social Currents, 6(5), 399–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maroto, M., and Pettinicchio, D. (2014). “The Limitations of Disability Antidiscrimination Legislation: Policymaking and the Economic Well-being of People with Disabilities.” Law & Policy, 36, 370–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maroto, M., and Pettinicchio, D. (2022). “Worth Less? Exploring the Effects of Subminimum Wages on Poverty among U.S. Hourly Workers.” Sociological Perspectives, 66(3), 455–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/07311214221124630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauldin, L., and Brown, R. L. (2021). “Missing Pieces: Engaging Sociology of Disability in Medical Sociology.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 62(4), 477–492.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McAdam, D. (1996). “Conceptual Origins, Current Problems, Future Directions.” In McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., and Zald, M. N. (Eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunity Structures, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings (pp. 23–40). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D. (2017). “Social Movement Theory and the Prospects for Climate Change Activism in the United States.” Annual Review of Political Science, 20(1), 189–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, D., Boudet, H. S., Davis, J. et al. (2010). “‘Site Fights’: Explaining Opposition to Pipeline Projects in the Developing World.” Sociological Forum, 25, 401–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKane, R. G., and McCammon, H. J. (2018). “Why We March: The Role of Grievances, Threats, and Movement Organizational Resources in the 2017 Women’s Marches.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly, December 1, 23(4), 401–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melucci, A. (1996). Challenging Codes: Collective Action in the Information Age (Cambridge Cultural Social Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, D. S. (2004). “Protest and Political Opportunities.” Annual Review of Sociology, 30(1), 125–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, D. S. (2005). “Social Movements and Public Policy: Eggs, Chicken, and Theory.” In Meyer, D., Jenness, V., and Ingram, H. (Eds.), Routing the Opposition: Social Movements, Public Policy, and Democracy (pp. 1–26). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, D. S. (2007). The Politics of Protest: Social Movements in America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, D. S., and Minkoff, D. C. (2004). “Conceptualizing Political Opportunity.” Social Forces, 82(4), 1457–1492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, D. S., and Staggenborg, S. (2012). “Thinking about Strategy.” In Maney, G. M., Flamenbaum, R. V. Kutz-, and Rohlinger, D. A. (Eds.), Strategies for Social Change (pp. 3–22). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minkoff, D. C. (1999). “Bending with the Wind: Strategic Chance and Adaptation by Women’s and Racial Minority Organizations.” American Journal of Sociology, 104(6), 1666–1703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minkoff, D. C. (2002). “The Emergence of Hybrid Organizational Forms: Combining Identity-Based Service Provision and Political Action.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(3), 377–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, A. (1986). Origins of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Oberschall, A. (1993). Social Movements: Ideologies, Interests, and Identities. New York: TransactionGoogle Scholar
Oliver, P. (2020). “Resisting Repression: The Black Lives Movement in Context.” In Johnston, H. and Oliver, P. (Eds.), Racialized Protest and the State: Resistance and Repression in a Divided America (pp. 63-88). New York: RoutledgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, P., and Myers, D. (2003). “The Coevolution of Social Movements.” Mobilization, 8(1), 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, P., Lim, C., Matthews, M. C., and Hanna, A. (2022). “Black Protests in the United States, 1994 to 2010.” Sociological Science, 9, 275–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olzak, S., and Soule, S. A. (2009). “Cross-Cutting Influences of Environmental Protest and Legislation.” Social Forces, 88(1), 201–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Opp, K.-D. (1988). “Grievances and Participation in Social Movements.” American Sociological Review, 53(6), 853–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettinicchio, D. (2017). “Elites, Policy, and Social Movements.” In Wejnert, B. and Parigi, P. (Eds.), Research in Political Sociology, Vol. 24, (pp. 155–190). Bingley: Emerald.Google Scholar
Pettinicchio, D. (2012). “Institutional Activism: Reconsidering the Insider/Outsider Dichotomy.” Sociology Compass, 6(6), 499–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettinicchio, D. (2013). “Strategic Action Fields and the Context of Political Entrepreneurship: How Disability Rights Became Part of the Policy Agenda.” Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, 36, 79–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettinicchio, D. (2019). Politics of Empowerment: Disability Rights and the Cycle of American Policy Reform. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettinicchio, D. (2023). “Tracing the Welfare-rights Connection in American Disability Policymaking.” In Robinson, S. and Fisher, K. (Eds.), Research Handbook of Disability Policy (pp. 346–360). Cheltenham and Camberley, UK: Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfaff, S. (2006). Exit-Voice Dynamics and the Collapse of East Germany: The Crisis of Leninism and the Revolution of 1989. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Pierson, P. (1994). Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher, and the Politics of Retrenchment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piven, F. F., and Cloward, R. (1977). Poor People’s Movement. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Posner, P. L. (1997). “Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: 1996 and beyond.” Publius, 27(2), 53–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ray, R. (2020). “Setting the Record Straight on the Movement for Black Lives.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 43(8), 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raynor, O., and Hayward, K. (2009). “Breaking into the Business: Experiences of Actors with Disabilities in the Entertainment Industry. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 9(1), 39–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rupp, L. J., and Taylor, V. A. (1987). Survival in the Doldrums: The American Women’s Rights Movement, 1945 to the 1960s. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sawyers, T. M., and. Meyer, D. S. (1999). “Missed Opportunities: Social Movement Abeyance and Public Policy,” Social Problems, 46(2), 187–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scotch, R. K. (2001). From Good Will to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal Disability Policy. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Sewell, W.H. (2005). Logics of History. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, J. P. (1993). No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement. New York: Three Rivers Press.Google Scholar
Skrentny, J. D. (2002). The Minority Rights Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snow, D., Cress, D., Downey, L., and Jones, A. (1998). “Disrupting the ‘Quotidian’: Reconceptualizing the Relationship between Breakdown and the Emergence of Collective Action.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 3(1), 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soule, S. A. (1999). “The Diffusion of an Unsuccessful Innovation.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 566(1), 120–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soule, S. A., and Davenport, C. (2009). “Velvet Glove, Iron Fist, or Even Hand? Protest Policing in the United States, 1960–1990.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 14(1), 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soule, S., and Jennifer, E. (2005). “A Movement Society Evaluated: Collective Protest in The United States, 1960–1986.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 1,10(3), 345–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staggenborg, S. (1986). “Coalition Work in the Pro-Choice Movement: Organizational and Environmental Opportunities and Obstacles.” Social Problems, 33(5), 374–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staggenborg, S. (1988). “The Consequences of Professionalization and Formalization in the Pro-choice Movement.” American Sociological Review, 53(4), 585–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staggenborg, S. (1995). “The Survival of the Pro-choice Movement.” Journal of Policy History, 7(1), 160–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Staggenborg, S. (2013). “Institutionalization of Social Movements.” In Snow, D. A., Porta, D. Della, Klandermans, B., and McAdam, D. (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. Malden, UK: Wiley.Google Scholar
Staggenborg, S. (2015). Social Movements (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Staggenborg, S. (2020). Grassroots Environmentalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staggenborg, S., and Meyer, D. A. (2022). “Understanding Countermovements.” In Tindall, D., Stoddart, M. C. J., and Dunlap, R. E. (Eds.), Handbook of Anti- Environmentalism (pp. 23-43). Cheltenham and Camberley, UK:Elgar.Google Scholar
Staggenborg, S., and Taylor, V. (2005). “Whatever Happened to the Women’s Movement?” Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 10(1), 37–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szasz, A. (2007). Shopping Our Way to Safety: How We Changed from Protecting the Environment to Protecting Ourselves. Minnesota, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Tarrow, S. (1989). Democracy and Disorder. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, V. (1989). “Social Movement Continuity: The Women’s Movement in Abeyance.” American Sociological Review, 54(5), 761–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilly, C. (1978). From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Tilly, C. (2004). Social Movements, 1768–2004. London: Paradigm.Google Scholar
Tomaskovic-Devey, D., and Avent-Holt, D. (2019). Relational Inequalities: An Organizational Approach. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dyke, N., and Soule, S. A. (2002). “Structural Social Change and the Mobilizing Effect of Threat: Explaining Levels of Patriot and Militia Mobilizing in the United States.” Social Problems, 49(4), 497–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, E. T., and Stepick, L. (2020). “Valuing the Cause: A Theory of Authenticity in Social Movements.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 25(1), 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, E., Warland, R., and Smith, D. C. (1997). Don’t Burn it Here: Grassroots Challenges to Trash Incinerators. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.Google Scholar
Whittier, N. (2018). “Generational Spillover in the Resistance to Trump.” In Meyer, D. S., and Tarrow, S. (Eds.), The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement (pp. 207–229). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, L. J., Suzanne, S., Glenn, J. S., and Rachel, K.-F. (2017). “Eventful Events: Local Outcomes of G20 Summit Protests in Pittsburgh and Toronto.” Social Movement Studies, 16(5), 595–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wouters, R . (2019). “The Persuasive Power of Protest: How Protest Wins Public Support.” Social Forces, 98(1), 403–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wouters, R., and Walgrave, S. (2017). “Demonstrating Power: How Protest Persuades Political Representatives.” American Sociological Review, 82(2), 361–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Sixty Years of Visible Protest in the Disability Struggle for Equality, Justice, and Inclusion
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Sixty Years of Visible Protest in the Disability Struggle for Equality, Justice, and Inclusion
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Sixty Years of Visible Protest in the Disability Struggle for Equality, Justice, and Inclusion
Available formats
×